Safeguarding and Protection in Health Essay Example for Free

Safeguarding and Protection in Health Essay There are many forms of abuse but are usually classified under five main headings, physical, sexual, psychological, financial and institutional. Signs of possible abuse can come in physical forms, such as bruises, cuts, burn marks, etc; emotional signs like flinching, crying and any other changes in the normal behaviour of the client. Although these are signs of abuse it is in no way conclusive evidence of such. Warning signs are NOT evidence of abuse but possible indicators of such. Physical abuse can take many forms but is usually where some form of bodily harm is committed. For example: hitting, slapping, scalding, burning, pinching, force feeding, refusing access to toilet facilities, misuse of medication or restraint, leaving someone in soiled clothes or bedding, etc. The warning signs for possible physical abuse can be things like withdrawal or mood changes, finger marks or multiple bruises, black eyes or bruised ears, scratches or cuts, burn marks, welt marks, a history of unexplained falls or injuries, pressure sores or rashes from wet/soiled bedding or clothes, fractures especially if accompanied by multiple bruises or finger marks, explanations that dont match the injuries, reluctance to be left with the alleged abuser, etc. Sexual abuse is when a sexual activity is performed without informed consent being freely given, such as rape or sexual assault, indecent exposure, sexual harassment, masturbation, involving a vulnerable adult in pornography, enforced witnessing of sexual acts or sexual media, attempted or penetration of intimate areas without informed consent, etc. It can also involve abuse of a position of power. Children are unable to give informed consent to any sexual activity of any description. Some adults are also unable to do this due to diminished capacity or a lack of understanding of the meaning. The physical warning signs for possible sexual abuse can be things like  scratches, abrasions or persistent infections in the anal or genital area (including urine infections), pregnancy, bruises, bite or scratch marks on the body, burns, blood on underwear, abdominal pain with no diagnosable cause, etc. The emotional warning signs for possible sexual abuse can be refusal to undress for activities such as swimming or bathing, flinching when carrying out normal duties such as washing, self injury, self destructive behaviour including alcohol or drug abuse, suicide attempts, depression, aggression, anxiety, crying, sexual abuse of others, provocative sexual behaviour or promiscuity, reluctance to be left with the alleged abuser, etc. The key point to remember when determining possible sexual abuse is the mental capacity to give informed consent to any sexual activity. Psychological abuse an element of psychological abuse exists in all forms of abuse. Emotional distress will be caused when a person becomes a victim of abuse at the hands of someone they trusted such as a family member, friend or carer. There is some abuse that is purely psychological such as bullying, shouting, ignoring, swearing, humiliation, blaming, intimidation, verbal abuse, threats of harm or abandonment, harassment, coercion, deprivation of privacy or dignity, etc. Indicators for possible psychological abuse can be the carer (either professional, family or friend) seeming to ignore the vulnerable persons presence and needs, cared for person fearful of raised voices or distressed if they feel they are in trouble, reports from neighbours about shouting, screaming or swearing, the client not wanting to be alone with alleged abuser, no value of basic human rights (such as opinion, choice and dignity), being treated like a child, etc. Financial abuse can be committed by family, friends, care workers or other outside influences and includes fraud, theft, exploitation, pressure regarding things such a wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions, etc. Indicators are people not being able to manage their own financial affairs when they have the mental capacity to do so, family unwilling to pay from clients funds for services even though the client has enough funds, mismanagement or misappropriation of clients finances, denying client access to their own account, loss of trust, insecurity, client is overly conforming or submissive and Power of Attorney obtained when individual is unable to comprehend. Example: A client is bed ridden and gives a family friend her bank card in order for that care giver to do shopping, pay bills, etc. The family friend then abuses this position by stealing the money from the clients bank or transferring it directly into their account (fraud). Institutional abuse can be committed by organisations, groups or even individuals and includes abuse of power or authority, not maintaining professional boundaries, misuse or misappropriate dispensing of medication, physical restraint, using information of client to embarrass or bully and not maintaining dignity. Indicators can be loss of control, low self-esteem or confidence, crying, a severe lack of staff, aggressive or submissive behaviour. Self Neglect/Neglect by others can be done either by the client themselves or by their carer, professional or otherwise, not meeting the support needs of the vulnerable person and can include neglectful or self harming behaviours, refusing to eat or drink, neglecting personal hygiene, refusing the toilet when able to use, actual bodily harm e.g. cutting and hitting. Neglect by others can include not maintaining an expectable level of hygiene e.g. leaving client in wet/soiled pads, not covering the basic needs of the client e.g. not washing them properly, toileting, feeding or personal care. Indicators are weight loss, lack of personal hygiene e.g. not bathing or washing regularly, dehydration, signs of self harm, depression, withdrawn or submissive behaviour. Discriminatory abuse can include racist or sexist abuse, abuse based on disability, age, gender, sexual orientation or religion; harassment or slander. Again: Warning signs are NOT evidence of abuse but possible indicators of such. Factors contributing to risk of abuse are age e.g. elderly or young children; poor communication between care giver and service user (this could be because of a medical problem or social/relationship issue); care giver having an addiction such as alcohol or drugs; challenging behaviour by the service user; care giver believing service user is being deliberately difficult, care role forced not taken on willingly, major changes to lifestyle because of giving care, multiple care responsibilities, carer or service user having lack of sleep, being socially isolated, care giver or service user being young or immature, financial or housing issues, illness or injury, culture or religion discrimination or prejudice, refugee or asylum-seekers, environmental/economic factors such as financial situation, mental health difficulties, physical disabilities such as sensory impairment, cognitive ability, level of education, intellectual understanding, learning difficulties and many more. Abuse by professionals risk factors are bullying of staff members by manager, a culture of not treating the service users with dignity or respect, poor-quality training, lack of investment into further staff training, poor staffing issues, lack of opportunity for care giver to form a rapport with the service user, low staff morale and not enough support for the staff via appraisals or supervisions. If you suspect someone is being abused then use your skills such as observation and communication with other professionals. You must inform your line manager of your suspicions and monitor the situation closely. If a services user makes an allegation of abuse first you must inform them  that you cannot promise to keep it confidential, you will have to inform the office. This can be difficult because often abuse sufferers will start off by saying something like If I tell you something, will you promise not to tell anyone else? Never promise this. Explain to the service user that you cant promise that you wont tell anyone but the people you do inform will be able to help the service user or it will only be shared on a need to know basis. However, if the service user (vulnerable adult) refuses to allow you to share the information then, other than the necessity to tell your manager, it will be difficult for you to do anything about the abuse. All effort should then go into trying to encourage the service user to agree to the sharing of information and pursuing an investigation. If the client has full mental capacity, and absolutely refuses, then you will have to accept that you can only monitor the situation carefully. Secondly, reassure the service user that you believe what youve been told, offer comfort if required and also confirm that it is not their fault that this has happened to them. Try to not get into a situation where you are given a lot of detailed information, although this might be difficult because the service user might want to tell you everything once they have started to talk or the location/environment might not allow it. If you do get stuck in a situation where you are given a lot of information try not to ask leading questions such as and then did he punch you? Say instead and then what happened? Listen carefully and try to remember everything you are told so that you can record the details later. Any written information pertaining to alleged or potential abuse must be kept in a locked cabinet. If the information is held electronically then it should be password protected. Only essential information should be kept and only used for the abused benefit or best interests. In response to alleged abuse you should Protect, Report, Preserve, Record and  Refer. Protect -Make sure the abused person is safe and protected against any further abuse. Ensure medical treatment is provided when necessary. Offer comfort and support to the abused so they know that they are safe. Concerns, suspicions or conclusive evidence of abuse require an immediate response. You may be even required to remove the alleged offender, take the service user to a safe place or offer to contact a trusted family member to provide support. Report All concerns about an abusive situation should be reported immediately to your line manager, or if that is not possible the on-call person so you can hand over the responsibility to them. It will be necessary to also write up a full written report as soon as possible after the admission or occurrence. Preserve You must ensure any evidence of the alleged abuse is not compromised. Examples: Sexual or Physical abuse can leave traces of forensic evidence so every effort should go into preserving it, such as dont clear up, dont clean any part of the area where the abuse took place, dont remove bedding or any clothes the abused might be wearing, keep other people away from the crime scene and try to persuade the abused not to take a shower, bathe, wash, brush their hair or teeth. If you suspect or are told about financial abuse then you must ensure that any documentation pertaining to that fact is kept in a safe place so it can be used as evidence. Record and refer Any form of abuse, suspected or otherwise must be recorded either by writing it down as soon as possible after being told or on audio tape so it can be written down later. This can then be used as part of the  evidence process. Make sure you take note of everything you observed, anything you have been told (hearsay) and by whom, any previous concerns and what has specifically has raised your concern this time. When making a formal statement or preparing a document that will be used in court, you dont include anything that can be classed as hearsay. A referral is where you provide the authorities with the information they require in order to resolve the matter for the service user such as the police, social services, the health trust, etc. The national policies and local systems that relate to safeguarding and protection from abuse are: National: Care Quality Commission, Criminal Record Bureau (CRB checks), Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA), Common Assessment Framework (CAF), Vetting and Barring Scheme (VBS), No Secrets national framework and codes of practice for health and social care (2000), Safeguarding Adults review (2009), Working Together to Safeguard Children (2006) and Every Child Matters (2003). Local: Local Area Agreements (LAAs), Local Safeguarding Adults Board (LSABs) and Local Safeguarding Childrens Board (LSCBs). The role of these different agencies include multi-agency and inter-agency working collaborations such as health services, e.g. GPs, nurses, health visitors, occupational therapists; voluntary services, e.g. NSPCC, Age UK, MIND, RNIB, RNID; social services, e.g. residential childrens home workers, social worker, care assistants; the police; consulting the police regarding all safeguarding incidents; responsibilities for overseeing the Safeguarding Assessment and its outcome; allocating a named person usually from statutory agencies in health or social care; convening or chairing strategy meetings, including the agreement of responsibilities, Lead Professional; actions and time-scales; providing information about activities and outcomes to the Safeguarding Coordinator; overseeing the convening of Safeguarding Case Conferences; coordinating and monitoring  investigations. There are numerous sources of information and advice about the role of a home care assistant with regards to the safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse such as policies, procedures and expected ways of working within the workplace environment; information from the Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA); relevant and up to date information from websites, leaflets, organisations, local and voluntary groups including government sources e.g. DfE and DoH; voluntary organisations e.g. NSPCC, Benardos; Social Care Institute for Excellence and publications, e.g. Health and Social Care 3rd Edition; What to Do If You Suspect A Child Is Being Abused (2003); National Council for Voluntary Youth Services Keeping it Safe: a young person-centred approach to safety and child protection; Working Together to Safeguard Children (2006). You can reduce the risk of abuse by giving knowledge and empowerment to the service provider this includes: Person-centred values Dignity, independence, rights, fulfilment, privacy and choice. Reducing vulnerability by boosting confidence; autonomy; positive communication; listening and promoting independent decision making. Awareness that everyone has the right to live without fear, violence and abuse; protected from harm or exploitation. It is important that you build self esteem and confidence by encouraging active participation in a variety of activities such as personal care, walks, cooking, etc. Promoting choices and rights by encouraging independent thinking, choices and decisions; empowerment, independence and the importance of informed consent. It is vital to have an accessible complaints procedure in place that is easily read and understood. This will give the service user the confidence to know how to report a complaint and what action the company will take once the complaint is issued. This will reduce the likelihood of abuse. The  complaints procedure should have transparent policies; accountability; procedures and outlines of working practices; clear guidelines on reporting and recording the complaint; robust guidelines for following up the complaint and accessibility (wide distribution, high visibility, etc). Example: The company provides a care plan folder which is left in the service users home. This includes personal information of the service user such as name, telephone, address, doctors surgery, etc; observation sheets; medication records including authorisation to administer medication on behalf of the service user and the medication policy; Financial Record including procedures and expenses sheets; client guide giving an overview of the aims and objectives of the company, services offered, service overview, terms and conditions, quality assurance process, key policies and contacts, complaints on compliments procedures and hours of operation. At the back is a copy of the contract between the company and service user. Unsafe practices which might affect the well-being of service users are: Neglect of personal care duty such as not giving a wash or bath when required, withholding toilet facilities, force feeding and inappropriate dressing. Not following the medication procedures such as failing to check dosage or not properly recording the administration of medication on the given documentation. Failing to record financial transactions correctly. Misuse of authority physical restraint, not respecting professional boundaries. Failure to carry out supervisions or risk assessments. Bad communication and sharing of private confidential information such as not giving the client the respect they deserve or talking to them in a derogatory manner and breech of confidentiality. Failing to keep staff updated on current legislation and safeguarding practices such as insufficient training or unsafe recruitment, not carrying out CRB or reference checks. If unsafe practices have been identified then you must immediately report your concerns verbally to your direct line manager and then follow it up in writing. Find out what the policies are on whistle blowing and follow them. You can be dismissed or suspended if you fail to report your suspicions or allegations of abuse, unsafe practices or not following procedures. If nothing is forthcoming after you have made your report then you have the right to contact the police or social services directly. It is then their responsibility to ensure your report is investigated and followed up.

Tools and concepts to construct your personal career strategy

Tools and concepts to construct your personal career strategy Random House Dictionary defines success to be the favorable or prosperous termination of attempts or endeavors. The ambiguity in this definition may be attributed to the fact that there is no universal meaning for the word success. The meaning of the term depends entirely on the dreams and aspirations of the individual. Most people are given the opportunity to choose their own path, and use their choices to determine their idea of success. My life is a little bit different in that my idea of success has determined my career path. After much contemplation, I have realized that my personal definition of success is to make my fathers company internationally competitive. Stella Cortells book describes several issues related to personality development, and outlines activities and reflections on topics such as: identifying how you perform your best, improving your performance, task-management, assertiveness, giving and receiving constructive criticism, among others. I have considered the results of these activities in the crafting of my career development plan. The self-awareness of an individual should be taken into consideration when he or she is in search of a career. It should also be applied to enhance in the performance of ones job or profession. According to Goleman, the most important variables in ones career decisions are the level of self awareness and self-efficiency. (1996) Self-awareness will enable individuals to make the correct career decisions. In order to achieve my personal career goal, I must strive to become a more self-aware individual. Garavan defined self-awareness as the individuals ability to assess others evaluations of the self and to incorporate these assessments into ones self-evaluation. (1999) In developing my personal career strategy, I first considered my career goal, and the skills and qualifications needed to realize it. Afterward, I considered results of my MBTI model and Johari Window Model. I then integrated my self-realizations and the opinions of my peers and family members as a basis for my career development plan. I first identified how I perform the best. As a child, my favourite sport was football. I played on both community and school teams, and would frequently volunteer to help my coaches organise transportation to and from games. When I reached high school, my football skills were not honed enough to qualify me to play for the team, but out of love for the game, I stayed on as a manager. During my tenure as team manager, I designed several activities for the team and fundraised more money for my schools soccer program than any other manager before. This money was used to purchase new training equipment and uniforms for the team. That year, we beat our rival school for the first time in 5 years. Looking back at this experience, I was able to realize how much I truly enjoyed being in a managerial position. Curious, I consulted my old report cards to see if any of my past teachers had mentioned my leadership skills. Much to my surprise, several of them had mentioned that I was quiet, yet I had the natural ability to lead my classmates in group activities. In the future, I will inherit my fathers company. When the day comes for my to assume a managerial position, my leadership skills will definitely be useful. Despite this, my surprise at the discovery of my teachers comments shows me that I have several blindspots. Based on the comments of my friends and past teachers, I have come to realize that one of my personality traits that has the potential to negatively impact my future career plans is the fact that I am a shy person. While this shyness is not quite a liability, my fear of public speaking, and my reluctance to assert myself may serve to be a serious disadvantage when I assume a managerial position. In order to improve my performance as a manager, I have added relevant steps to my career development plan that will train me enhance my speaking skills and will teach me to be more assertive. I have also added steps and goals in my career development plan in an effort to expand my current knowledge and talents, and thereby improve my performance. According to Monster.com, Many employers are looking for candidates with a strong sense of self-awareness. Monster evens offers a quiz on their website to help determine how self aware you are now as you are looking for a job. (Christie) These skills will help an individual choose the right career and make the appropriate decisions in managerial development. Companies are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of self-awareness, and as such, they are also looking to hire employees who possess these qualities. In order to become more self-aware, I examined my ability to manage and complete tasks. Through personal reflections and feedback from peers and academic advisors, I observed that many of my peers perceive me to be organised and responsive. As a result of this observation, I have realized that I am reasonably efficient in the management of my personal tasks. Because of this, I have designed my career development plan to include a several activities. This will enable me to maximize my time. I took the MBTI test to further my level of self-awareness. The results show that my personality is the ENFP (Extroversion, Intuition, Thinking and Perceiving). People with ENFP personalities tend to lead by creating a vision, and helping people see their potential. ENFP personalities also tend to influence by listening to and incorporating the ideas of others. Finally, ENFP personalities tend to focus on exploring all the possibilities. This personality type describes many characteristics that are in line with the steps I have outlined in my career development plan. One of the steps in my action plan is to obtain a Masters Degree in Business Administration. I hope my studies will supplement my personality and provide me with formal training to enable me to help people see their potential. This skill will be invaluable when I become a manager. I have also used the results of my Johari Window model in the development of my career plan. I noticed that I do not consider myself, nor do others consider me, to possess certain characteristics that I believe are essential to good leadership. For example, I do not consider myself, nor was I described to be articulate. I believe that the ability to communicate with others effectively is an extremely important aspect of management. Considering this, I have modified my career development plan to develop my public speaking skills. It was also interesting to note that I had an empty quadrant in the results of my Johari Window model. This quadrant was the hidden one, which represents the things that the subject knows about his or her self but other people do not know at all (Luft and Ingham 1955). This panel contains all the information that the subject has not divulged to anyone or to the person with whom the interaction is taking place. It is during this step that the process of self-disclosure takes place (Luft and Ingham 1955). Over time, as people begin to trust each other more and reveal more information about them, the items that are contained in the hidden quadrant are moved to the open quadrant. While I would like to believe that I am transparent to the point that there is nothing hidden about me, logically, I know this is impossible. The empty quadrant can likely be attributed to my reluctance to admit that I prefer to keep some things to myself. While this observation did not translate into a step in my career development plan, my awareness of this aspect of my personality will make me more conscious of such behaviour in the future. Another thing I learned through the application of an activity performed during this class, is that I sometimes have difficulty receiving and giving constructive criticism. As I tend to be a very reserved person who tries to see the best in everyone, I have realized that I am not very good at criticizing my peers as I have a tendency to be too nice. This realization came as a shock. Because I consider myself to be a very honest person, I had previously assumed that I was able to provide candid evaluations. My self-awareness of this limitation will definitely help me in my future career. One of the fundamental parts of being a manager is the need to provide employees with constructive criticism. Managers who are unable to do so will be extremely ineffective. As such, I have realized that I need to train myself to be less afraid of what people think, and more concerned with providing helpful evaluations. My awareness of my inability to provide constructive criticism further convinced m e of the need to obtain a Masters Degree, which is a step on my career development plan. I hope that my study of Business Administration will teach me to be a more candid evaluator. A similar activity taught me that I also have difficulty receiving constructive criticism. I attribute this personality deficiency to the fact that I have set a very high standard for myself, and because I am proud of my personal achievements. As such, criticism often embarrasses me. My awareness of this facet of my personality will not only help me in my future career, but I believe it will help me become a better person. In my opinion, it is extremely difficult to advance as an individual without the criticism of others. A person must be able to learn from his or her errors; otherwise he or she will probably continue to repeat the same mistakes. In order to be an effective manager, I will undoubtedly need the advice and guidance of my father, and those who have extensive experience in the field. If I am unable to receive criticism with an open mind, I will be greatly limiting myself. Although my awareness of this personal limitation cannot be translated into a phase on my career de velopment plan, but I will always remember that this is something I need to work on. Conclusion The various concepts and theories in this course have allowed me to become a more self-aware individual. They have enabled me to discover of my personal strengths, weakness and personality tendencies. There are several aspects of my personality and a few character traits of which I was previously unaware. Before being made of aware of these, I already had a career development plan, but it was very vague and general. Much of what I learned about my shortcomings and myself has translated into a phase in my career development plan. Some of the other things I learned about myself cannot be explicitly seen on the plan. Despite this, I will strive to remember these positive characteristics and use them to my advantage. With regard to my negative qualities, I am certain that my awareness of them will help me to ensure that they will not limit my careers progress. Unlike most individuals who are able to use their self-awareness to select their career path, my professional future was determined at birth. As such, I have used my improved sense of self-awareness to identify what needs to be done in order for me to achieve my career goals. Thus, my present plan is much more direct, and focuses on skills and qualifications I need to attain in order to become a better manager. Critically evaluate the role that your self-awareness will play in making your career a success A manager who is unaware of his or her blind spots or of how he or she impacts others is a walking disaster in the workplace, a leader who may lead the troops over the cliff. (Koonce, Richard) My lack of self-awareness could be a liability in the near future. As such, I will strive to be more aware of my blindspots, so as to be informed as to my strengths and weaknesses. This awareness will allow me improve my performance as a manager, as I will be able to better prevent my blindspots from negatively affecting those under my management. By being more self aware, I will be able to use my strengths and personality to create a more work conducive environment. I aspire to be able to use my self awareness to become a better leader, and a more efficient manager. When trying to enhance leadership skills it is imperative for leaders to understand that their behaviour is interpreted differently according to a subordinates personality. Indeed, the same message that a leader is communicating (even if the content is the same) could be interpreted in several different ways depending on the personalities of the subordinates. (Hautala) By being more aware of my behaviour, I will be able to modify my actions according to the personality of my subordinates. Because of this, as a manager, I will be able to communicate effectively with my staff. I believe that effective communication between managers and employees is paramount to the success of a business. The results of my personality test have taught me a lot about myself. Because of the MBTI model, I learned that people who have an ENFP personality tend to influence by listening to and incorporating the ideas of others. As such, I plan to one day use this aspect of my personality in future management practices. I firmly believe that two heads (or more) are better than one. As such, I hope that this side of me will make me more responsive to the changing business conditions. I also learned that ENFP personalities tend to focus on exploring all the possibilities. I have realized that this tendency could be either an asset or a liability. As a future manager, I understand the value of examining all aspects of an issue before making a decision. A thorough consideration of all factors and conditions is more likely to result in a more prudent choice. However, people who are overly concerned with being able to predict the effects of decisions are sometimes unable to make choices quickly, which often results to their disadvantage. My awareness of this side of my personality will enable me to be a better manager, as I will be strive to ensure my desire to consider all possible angles will be an asset, not a liability. Based on the results of my Johari Window model, I have learned that I perceive myself to be kind and shy, while others consider me to be clever, giving, happy, helpful and logical. Today the Johari Window model is especially relevant due to modern emphasis on, and influence of, soft skills, behaviour, empathy, cooperation, inter-group development and interpersonal development. (Businessballs, 2008). This insight into my personality will be useful in my future career. As a manager, the perceptions of the people being management are of utmost importance. Subordinates must perceive their manager to be logical. If they believe otherwise it is unlikely that they will be able to perform their tasks effectively. I hope to maintain the way people view me, as I believe it will be useful in my future career. Self-awareness is necessary to my success as a manager. I truly believe that a deeper understanding of myself will allow me better understand others. Action plan Graduate I am currently a college student I study diligently and manage my tasks efficiently to ensure that I graduate on time Before graduation, I plan to engage in more student activities that will help develop my leadership skills Hone my Public Speaking Skills I am a shy person. Due to the fact that I aspire to be the manager of an internationally competitive company, I need to develop my public speaking skills I will enrol in classes that will train me to become a more articulate and confident speaker Obtain a Masters Degree Further study in the field of Business Administration will be useful in my future career Concurrently, I hope to find a job in company in a similar line of business to my fathers company Work for my fathers company Given my educational training and work experience I hope to study the structure of my fathers company and evaluate its performance and make the necessary changes to make the company internationally competitive

Examination Of The Business Ethics Of Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Examination Of The Business Ethics Of Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay The business ethics report I want to write is about pollution. Pollution is the most important and most concern today. The environment pollution becomes a harmful level of pollutants in the natural resources air, water, and land (soil), which these three natural resources is the main, causes the global warming. Air pollution exists when a harmful amount of pollutants contains in air, such as dust, gases, smog or fumes. The pollutants could be harmful to health of humans and animals, or which may cause damage to plants (EPA Victoria, 2006). However, the existing issue of global warming is main cause by greenhouse gases (air) with major content of carbon dioxide (Teller et al., 1997). Water pollution main cause is runoff from agricultural fields and industrial sites, in which pollutants from agricultural fields and industrial sites in-flood to rivers and ocean. Other than air (oxygen) is main source for human survival; water was the second important source for human to survive. Additionally, water from forest always provides higher quality water, with the lower pollutants (Dudley and Stolton, 2003). Environmental pollution also involves of land(soil) pollution which defined as a phenomenon characterized by the loss of structural and biological properties by the soil layer as cause by human and natural factors, such as strong wind, chemical use, and deforestation, in which land and forest also is home for millions of creatures (EHow, no date). Summary In this article, human factors inevitably encroached the forbidden zone such as deforestation of forest reserve, indirectly causes water and air pollution as well. The developers with the interest to build houses (Kampung Tersusun Anggerik) due to the growing population of Malays, and due to limited land, the development projects had been inevitably encroached the forbidden zone with the bulldozers, uprooting the old growth in forest reserve (Hilary, 2010). Therefore, the District Office issued a stop work-order action against the development project due to the following complaints from Drainage and Irrigation Department (DID) (Hilary, 2010). According to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment issued strict and detailed guidelines to all Governments and Federal Agencies in connection with hill slope development, known as the Garis Panduan Pembangunan di Kawasan Tanah Tinggi (GPPDKTT), in between 26Â ° gradient and 35Â ° gradient (measured on existing contours and not after cutting and filling) slopes development may considered as consult to detailed studies and evaluation, additionally, GPPDKTT prohibits any development in an area with a gradient of above 35 degrees (Fernandez, 2006). Refers to the articles incident, the developer has no comply with GPPDKTT rules and regulation, wherein the project site has fall into Class 3 (above 26Â ° gradient) and Class 4 (above 35Â ° gradient) slopes which are environmentally dangerous areas that should not have any form of physical development (Hilary, 2010). The residents living near to the project had opposed the development project and one of the residents comment that we getting shock after heard about a human settlement are going to develop in the reserve forest and which are steeply slopes, Mrs. Chong said (Hilary, 2010). In addition, Mrs. Chong insisted that they opposed it was not against the creation of a Malay village, but just to given an advised to relocated the development project to a safety place (Hilary, 2010). However, the director of Natural Forest Private Limited (Alam Rimba Sdn Bhd) Azmen Ahmad claimed that the title of land was approved by government 15 years ago, because of the shortage of land due to the growth population of Malays in Cameron Highlands (Hilary, 2010). Meanwhile, the developer claimed that the project had obtained a work permit from the Land and District Office. However, the District officer had refused to be interviewed and conveyed a text of no comment through his personal assistant (Hilary, 2010). The impact of pollution In my business report, I choose to do on environment pollution is one of the factors causes global warming. Nowadays, the global warming already become the personally responsible for every human in the world, and from the movie of Ice Age: Meltdown was on purposely to raise awareness of global warming (Kellstedt et al., 2008). In my article, human being with the development project (Kampung Tersusun Anggerik) deforestation the forest reserve had indirectly cause land (soil), water, and air pollution. Land Pollution The human being uprooting the old growth in forest reserve have cause the incident of silting creeks that feed into the river (Sungai Tela), in which the river was main water supply for residents living at Cameron Highland (Hilary, 2010). However, uprooting the old growth or deforestation the forest reserve will impact landslides which will indirectly lead to rising temperatures as global warming (Hilary, 2010). Water Pollution From the article, the incident of silting creeks that feed into the river was clearly showed that land pollution will impact water pollution. Besides, the river was the main water supply for residents staying at Cameron Highlands (Hilary, 2010). As mention on introduction, if well managed the water from forest, it will provides higher quality water with the less pollutants (Dudley and Stolton, 2003). Therefore, the development project on the article not only impact on polluted the land (soil), its also polluted the water from forest. Air Pollution Therefore, the both land (soil) and water pollutions will indirectly increase the temperatures and then cause of the global warming. Global warming is main cause by greenhouse gases with major context of carbon dioxide (Teller et al., 1997). Carbon dioxide is use to enhance plant growth by photosynthesis process. In my article, if District Office did not take action against the development project, the forest being deforestation, the number of carbon dioxide will increase in the forest. At the end, the global warming issue will become more and more serious. Thesis In my article is clearly shown the thesis that how people opposed the development project which is harmful to the natural environment by the impact of pollution. Land pollution is the main cause of the development process, wherein it is indirectly impact on air and water pollution. The pollution started from the landslides to rising temperatures, from the illegal uprooting old growth from the land to cause river contamination. These entire incidents were seriously harmful to their residents nearby. Egoism In the article, the theory of egoism proven that people are applying in their personal lives as, they are morally right to make decision for their personal benefits instead of applying utilitarianism (Crane and Matten, 2007). The developers applying the egoism theory in their job to deforestation the forest reserve, and it caused the incident of silting creeks that feed into the river (Sungai Tela), where by the river was the main water supply for Cameron Highlands (Hilary, 2010). In social responsibility of business, the developers are morally right to make decision for their personal benefits. As Milton Friedman (1970) wrote that there is one and only one social responsibility of business, businesses had no moral duty to to good, but only to increase the wealth of its shareholders by increasing profits. In social responsibility developers may morally right with interest in building house for Malays due to the increasingly population, but in ethics theory they apply egoism in making decision for their own benefits only. Although the development project area was the forest reserve with the work permit approval, but there was a part of the forest reserve is steeply slope area wherein is not suitable for any physical development. The developers was clearly did not follow the rules and regulations (GPPDKTT) which strictly issued by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (Fernandez, 2006). Utilitarianism The egoism of pleasure is due to the philosophical opponents of utilitarianism, whereby utilitarianism is in an action with motive of morally right to gain a result for greatest amount of people satisfied with their needs and wants. From the philosophy utilitarianism of John Stuart Mill (1863) have been influential in modern economic theory, wherein the distribution of the happiness and minimize the unhappiness should be standardized to everyone by which actions are judged right or wrong (Henry, 2004). In the article, although the development project is build houses for the Malay villages due to the increasing population, however, in short term the will distributed the goods of houses to Malays, but in long term the houses in endanger the Malay villages which are staying on the steeply slopes houses. The residents who are staying nearby the development project had applied the utilitarianism ethics theory to voice up and opposed the development project, because a part of the forest re serve was in steeply slope hill site. o, if the project is on-going it will endanger the Malay residents who will stay at the steeply slope area in future. Additionally, the residents applied utilitarianism theory instead of egoism theory, wherein they opposed the development project was not against to Malays, just given an advised to relocated the development project to a safety place instead of build in a endanger steeply sloping hill (Hilary, 2010). Ethics of duties The ethics of duties theory is an act that shirt towards rules of utilitarianism. Philosopher Kant (1724-1804) discovers the ethics of duties theory is the fundamental moral law that would determined humans action without regard to its consequences (White, 1993). In my article, we can seem that after consideration of the incident of the silting creeks, Land District Officers have do their job with applied the ethics of duties theory, in which issued the developer to stop working in the endanger area of development. Therefore, the Districts officer is only the important person to stop the incident run into a serious situation, where by the development project may impact more unlikely incidents to happen, such as land slide. Ethics of duties In antithesis, the ethics of duties theory is an act that shirt towards rules of egoism. In my article, the Land and District Officer and the developers had applied the egoism theory due to the interest of build houses for Malays and maximize shareholders profits, they had ignored the ethics of duties theory. As universal knowledge that forest reserve are not allow any developer to deforestation, in which under Act 313, National Forestry Act 1984 (Law of Malaysia, 2006). However, the Land and District Office had ignored the ethics of duty theory with giving the work permit to the developers to uprooting old growth in forest reserve to build houses in the dangerous steeply slope area. Ethics of right The ethics of right and justice theory come after the ethics of duties theory, and the ethics of right and justice theory explain that every individual in given situation with the result that everybody should get what they deserve. Its related to philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) theory, he claimed that human should be entitled to the notion of right and moral right to gain the respected and protected in every action (Aldrich, 1999). In my article, the ethics of right theory was applied by the residents stay nearby the development project who opposed the development project, however, the District Officer only applied the ethics of right theory after incident of the silting creeks that feed into the river (Sungai Tela) and issued the stop-work order to developers. Virtue ethics Human who applied virtue ethics is contends with morally correct actions and behavior. Professor Sandra Borden proposes that virtue ethics theory refers to understanding of doing right thing and do thing right to addressing those ethical challenges (Borden, 2007). As the same, the Land and District Officers and the developers with the interest of profits had ignored virtue ethics, in which illegally deforestation steeply slope forest reserve to build house for Malays. Feminist ethics theory Feminist ethics theory is modern western ethics theory which Carol Gilligan(1982) approach to business ethics focuses on the importance of women have fairly different attitudes from men with significant impact on the way handled the ethical conflicts (Kuhse et al., 1998). In addition, feminist ethics theory is an approach to avoid harm for those principles such as peace and healthy social relationship, and care for one another. Thus, in my article the residents stay near to the development project had applied the feminist ethics theory to opposed the endanger development project, wherein they opposed it was not against to Malays and just as a simple meaning care for one another. Pollution act From the issued in my article, there are few related pollution acts: Act A1286 Street, Drainage and Building (Amendment) Act 2007 Act A1286 Street, Drainage and Building (Amendment) Act 2007 (Law of Malaysia, 2007) is an Act related to the Garis Panduan Pembangunan di Kawasan Tanah Tinggi (GPPDKTT). GPPDKTT stated that there is not allowed any development in an area with a gradient of above 35 degrees with the measured on existing contours and not after cutting and filling (Fernandez, 2006). As a part of development project is an area with gradient of above 35 degrees, so, the land are protect by Act A1286, Street, Drainage and Building (Amendment) Act 2007, which prohibit for any development project (Law of Malaysia, 2007). Act 313 National Forestry Act 1984 Act 313, National Forestry Act 1984 is an Act to provide for the administration, management and conservation of forests and forestry development within States of Malaysia and for connected purpose (Law of Malaysia, 2006). Therefore, forest reserve are protected by Act 313, National Forestry Act 1984, so, the Land and District Office is not allow to give any work permit to the any development project, because the development project is under the forest reserve area (Law of Malaysia, 2006). Thus, state government of Malaysia should take action against the Land and District Officer and the developers. Conclusion In conclusion, there are number of Acts playing their roles to protect our environment pollution, but somehow human who applied egoism theory for their own short-term or long-term benefits go against the Acts, for example, corruption. In addition, pollution is the most serious issued for everyone to take care, especially air pollution, it is because human need oxygen to continue survives and forest most important green environment supplier us oxygen. Other than that, although business ethics theory had teach in our education, but there still are people who keep continue deforestation. Therefore, the rules of regulations (Acts) should be strictly to all people who inevitably encroached into forest reserve by punishments. So, all of us should take responsible to our natural environment and stop people illegally deforestation the forest reserve. Every individual should be educated or adapted business ethics theories to save our globe from global warming.

Fight Club - When Does Life Have No Purpose? :: essays research papers

David Fincher’s Fight Club is a narrated movie that explains the journey of the narrator’s mid-life crisis; the movie begins with the ending scene, a microscopic view of a gun inside of the narrator’s mouth. All of the particles and germs are very visible to give the viewer an idea of what to expect. This scene suggests a dirty, winding, and emotional journey that the narrator will take. The narrator at first finds himself with insomnia. At the same time he is obsessed with consumer goods–he buys complete sets of everything. He works for a major automobile company as an agent who decides whether the cost of a recall is cheap enough to make profit. His job significantly sets up his depressed life. Day after day he travels to examine cars in accidents with remains of human dead burned to the seats. It is his job by which he feels so burdened, and he seems to try to get away from it by buying furniture. The story revolves around these three examples. The gun is full of bacteria; furniture is bought by money, a dirty obsession, and his job deals with car accidents. The Narrator has surrounded himself with consumer goods to occupy and satisfy himself, but when they can no longer satisfy him he breaks down emotionally. Although David Fincher put significance on soap as being a major part of the movie, it doesn’t relate to every instance that it should. In this movie, soap is used to cleanse the body of luxury goods. Fight Club is all about eliminating things that aren’t necessary. Soap cleanses, and several times soap is not used. When they are fighting in the fight club, blood is a dominant image. It is a sign of being able to let go of all your material goods, if you can let go of your physical health. Here soap has no significance; The Narrator, however, uses soap in what could be his possible financial future. By selling this highly profitable soap he can make an easy living, but it would change nothing in his life. The significance of soap with fighting, therefore, is not easily visible. This is what makes visible the fact that fighting releases anger. If blood is noteworthy and is not to be cleaned off, then it is accepted. The narrator soon finds himself with a severe case of insomnia. He describes it: â€Å"with insomnia, nothing is real.

edgar allan poe Essay -- essays research papers

Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the son of two poor touring actors, Elizabeth Arnold Poe and David Poe Jr. The Poes traveled around to many different theaters, playing many different roles. While his mother was a well-known actor, his father was not, and was usually drunk during performances. David Poe abandoned his family when Edgar was about two and the rest of the Poe family left for Richmond, Virginia. Edgar’s mother died of tuberculosis there in Richmond. Edgar was only three at the time but apparently he remembered the traumatizing event later in life. After his mother’s death, John and Frances Allan took Edgar in. John Allan was a wealthy merchant. Allan changed Edgar Poe’s name to Edgar Allan Poe when he was baptized but never legally adopted him. John Allan sent Poe to all the best schools. John Allan’s company went bankrupt and he thought his family would have to live an austere lifestyle. Fortune found the Allan’s in 1825 when John’s uncle died and left the family $200,000. John Allan could now afford to send Edgar to the University of Virginia. While there, Edgar began drinking and gambling. This is also where he began writing poems. In 1827, Poe left the University and went to Baltimore. He was hoping to publish the poems that he had written but nobody would buy them. Poe was without any income so he joined the Army. He gained the rank of sergeant major in just two years and wrote in his spare time....

Examining the Crosses Between Drosophila Fruit Flies Essay -- Fruit Fl

Examining the Crosses Between Drosophila Fruit Flies Introduction The major topic of this experiment was to examine two different crosses between Drosophila fruit flies and to determine how many flies of each phenotype were produced. Phenotype refers to an individual’s appearance, where as genotype refers to an individual’s genes. The basic law of genetics that was examined in this lab was formulated by a man often times called the â€Å"father of genetics,† Gregor Mendel. He determined that individuals have two alternate forms of a gene, referred to as two alleles. An individual can me homozygous dominant (two dominant alleles, AA), homozygous recessive, (two recessive alleles, aa), or heterozygous (one dominant and one recessive allele, Aa). There were tow particular crosses that took place in this experiment. The first cross-performed was Ebony Bodies versus Vestigle Wings, where Long wings are dominant over short wings and normal bodies are dominant over black bodies. The other cross that was performed was White versu s Wild where red eyes in fruit flies are dominant over white eyes. The purpose of the first experiment, Ebony vs. Vestigle was to see how many of the offspring had normal bodies and normal wings, normal bodies and vestigle wings, ebony bodies and normal wings, and ebony body and vestigle wings. The purpose of the second experiment White vs. Wild was to see how many of the offspring were red eyed male, white eyed male, red eyed female, and white e...

Salem Witch Trials Research Paper

During the early winter of 1692 two young girls became inexplicably ill and started having fits of convulsion, screaming, and hallucinations. Unable to find any medical reason for their condition the village doctor declared that there must be supernatural forces of witchcraft at work. This began an outbreak of hysteria that would result in the arrest of over one hundred-fifty people and execution of twenty women and men. The madness continued for over four months. The notorious witch trials of Salem, Massachusetts occurred from June through September.It is a brief, but turbulent period in history and the causes of the trials have long been a source of discussion among historians. Many try to explain or rationalize the bizarre happenings of the witch hunts and the causes that contributed to them. To understand the trials and how they came to be, we must first examine the ideals and views of the people surrounding the events. Salem Village had a very colorful history before the famous witch trials. It was not exactly known as a bastion of tranquillity in New England.The main reason was its 600 plus residents were divided into two main parts: those who wanted to separate from Salem Town, and those who did not. The residents who wanted to separate from Salem Town were farming families located in the western part of Salem Village. Those who wanted to remain a part of Salem Town were typically located on the eastern side of Salem Village–closest to Salem Town. The residents who wished to remain a part of Salem Town were economically tied to its thriving, rich harbors. Many of the Salem Village farming families believed that Salem Town’s thriving economy made it too individualistic.This individualism was in opposition to the communal nature that Puritanism mandated. Thus, they were out of touch with the rest of Salem Village. One particularly large farming family who felt that Salem Town was out of touch with the rest of Salem Village was the Putnams. Be lief in the supernatural, specifically in the devil's practice of giving certain humans (witches) the power to harm others in return for their loyalty–had emerged in Europe as early as the 14th century, and was widespread in colonial New England.In addition, the harsh realities of life in the rural Puritan community of Salem Village (present-day Danvers, Massachusetts) at the time included the after-effects of a British war with France in the American colonies in 1689, a recent smallpox epidemic, fears of attacks from neighboring Native American tribes and a longstanding rivalry with the more affluent community of Salem . Amid these simmering tensions, the Salem witch trials would be fueled by residents' suspicions of and resentment toward their neighbors, as well as their fear of outsiders.The events which led to the Witch Trials actually occurred in what is now the town of Danvers, then a parish of Salem Town, known as Salem Village. Launching the hysteria was the bizarre, seemingly inexplicable behavior of two young girls; the daughter, Betty, and the niece, Abigail Williams, of the Salem Village minister, Reverend Samuel Parris In February, 1692, three accused women were examined by Magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne. Corwin's home, known as the Witch House, still stands at the corner of North and Essex Streets in Salem, providing guided tours and tales of the first witchcraft trials.John Hathorne, an ancestor of author Nathaniel Hawthorne, is buried in the Charter Street Old Burying Point. By the time the hysteria had spent itself, 24 people had died. Nineteen were hanged on Gallows Hill in Salem Town, but some died in prison. Giles Corey at first pleaded not guilty to charges of witchcraft, but subsequently refused to stand trial. This refusal meant he could not be convicted legally. However, his examiners chose to subject him to interrogation by the placing of stone weights on his body.He survived this brutal torture for two days befor e dying. Though the respected minister Cotton Mather had warned of the dubious value of spectral evidence, his concerns went largely unheeded during the Salem witch trials. Increase Mather, president of Harvard College and Cotton's father later joined his son in urging that the standards of evidence for witchcraft must be equal to those for any other crime, concluding that â€Å"It would better that ten suspected witches may escape than one innocent person  be condemned.â€Å"Trials continued with dwindling intensity until early 1693, and by that May Phips had pardoned and released those in prison on witchcraft charges. The aftermath of the Salem witch trials was severe. Many people were stuck in jail, unable to pay for their stay during the trials. Other people who were convicted had their land conviscated leaving families broke and homeless. Many people after the salem witch trials could not get along with each other like the accusers and the familes of the accused.Many people tried to repent their accusation and make public apologies to the families of the accused and to Salem. Many people did forgive, but many families still felt it was not enough. Since the Salem Witch trials has ended, there has been no more deaths because of witchcraft or an accusation of one. The Salem Witch Trials has left such an effect on Salem Village that it was renamed Danvers and is called that to this day. Salem Witch Trials Research Paper During the early winter of 1692 two young girls became inexplicably ill and started having fits of convulsion, screaming, and hallucinations. Unable to find any medical reason for their condition the village doctor declared that there must be supernatural forces of witchcraft at work. This began an outbreak of hysteria that would result in the arrest of over one hundred-fifty people and execution of twenty women and men. The madness continued for over four months.The notorious witch trials of Salem, Massachusetts occurred from June through September. It is a brief, but turbulent period in history and the causes of the trials have long been a source of discussion among historians. Many try to explain or rationalize the bizarre happenings of the witch hunts and the causes that contributed to them. To understand the trials and how they came to be, we must first examine the ideals and views of the people surrounding the events.Salem Village had a very colorful history before the famous w itch trials. It was not exactly known as a bastion of tranquillity in New England. The main reason was its 600 plus residents were divided into two main parts: those who wanted to separate from Salem Town, and those who did not. The residents who wanted to separate from Salem Town were farming families located in the western part of Salem Village. Those who wanted to remain a part of Salem Town were typically located on the eastern side of Salem Village–closest to Salem Town. The residents who wished to remain a part of Salem Town were economically tied to its thriving, rich harbors.Many of the Salem Village farming families believed that Salem Town’s thriving economy made it too individualistic. This individualism was in opposition to the communal nature that Puritanism mandated. Thus, they were out of touch with the rest of Salem Village. One particularly large farming family who felt that Salem Town was out of touch with the rest of Salem Village was the Putnams.Bel ief in the supernatural, specifically in the devil's practice of giving certain humans (witches) the power to harm others in return for their  loyalty–had emerged in Europe as early as the 14th century, and was widespread in colonial New England. In addition, the harsh realities of life in the rural Puritan community of Salem Village (present-day Danvers, Massachusetts) at the time included the after-effects of a British war with France in the American colonies in 1689, a recent smallpox epidemic, fears of attacks from neighboring Native American tribes and a longstanding rivalry with the more affluent community of Salem . Amid these simmering tensions, the Salem witch trials would be fueled by residents' suspicions of and resentment toward their neighbors, as well as their fear of outsiders.The events which led to the Witch Trials actually occurred in what is now the town of Danvers, then a parish of Salem Town, known as Salem Village. Launching the hysteria was the bizarr e, seemingly inexplicable behavior of two young girls; the daughter, Betty, and the niece, Abigail Williams, of the Salem Village minister, Reverend Samuel ParrisIn February, 1692, three accused women were examined by Magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne. Corwin's home, known as the Witch House, still stands at the corner of North and Essex Streets in Salem, providing guided tours and tales of the first witchcraft trials. John Hathorne, an ancestor of author Nathaniel Hawthorne, is buried in the Charter Street Old Burying Point. By the time the hysteria had spent itself, 24 people had died. Nineteen were hanged on Gallows Hill in Salem Town, but some died in prison. Giles Corey at first pleaded not guilty to charges of witchcraft, but subsequently refused to stand trial. This refusal meant he could not be convicted legally. However, his examiners chose to subject him to interrogation by the placing of stone weights on his body. He survived this brutal torture for two days b efore dying.Though the respected minister Cotton Mather had warned of the dubious value of spectral evidence, his concerns went largely unheeded during the Salem witch trials. Increase Mather, president of Harvard College and Cotton's father later joined his son in urging that the standards of evidence for witchcraft must be equal to those for any other crime, concluding that â€Å"It would better that ten suspected witches may escape than one innocent person  be condemned.†Trials continued with dwindling intensity until early 1693, and by that May Phips had pardoned and released those in prison on witchcraft charges. The aftermath of the Salem witch trials was severe.Many people were stuck in jail, unable to pay for their stay during the trials. Other people who were convicted had their land conviscated leaving families broke and homeless. Many people after the salem witch trials could not get along with each other like the accusers and the familes of the accused. Many peo ple tried to repent their accusation and make public apologies to the families of the accused and to Salem. Many people did forgive, but many families still felt it was not enough. Since the Salem Witch trials has ended, there has been no more deaths because of witchcraft or an accusation of one. The Salem Witch Trials has left such an effect on Salem Village that it was renamed Danvers and is called that to this day.