Reaction to Mean Streets ::

Reaction Paper to repute StreetsMean Streets greatest influence in American cinema was not on directors or scriptwriters (though its influence there was considerable) merely rather on actors. The film has Harvey Keitel (as Charlie) at its center, whose solidity and push aside dullness as an actor keeps the film from spinning off into total anarchy however it is Robert De Niros Johnny Boy (Charlies wild, self-destructive friend whom he looks let on for with all the obsessiveness of an older brother) that gives the film its charge. Johnny Boy dances and gyrates and leaps and spins about the edges of the film, continually grim to take it into and out of chaos (which he finally does). De Niros performance, which trunk as hilarious and breath-taking as ever - was a revelation at the time. De Niro took naturalistic, method playing to new highs, and his Johnny Boy is possibly the very for the first time performance of its kind. Its a genuine portrayal of a street punk whose char m and obnoxiousness ar almost uncannily intertwined - you cant despise Johnny Boy, scarce you cant respect him much, either. You just have to love him. Its easy enough to imagine Charlies frustration everywhere this kid - De Niros work here adds depth and veracity to Keitels, and the cardinal actors work so well unneurotic that some of their scenes ? like the one they have together in Taxi Driver - have an almost unreal buzz to them.Aside from its acting, the other major influence which Mean Streets had upon American film-makers was through its work of a rock n tumbler pigeon soundtrack (almost perfectly integrated with the images), and in its depiction of a new kind of screen emphasis. Unexpected, volatile, explosive and wholly senseless, yet, for all that, undeniably cinematic violence. The way in which Scorsese blends these two - the rock and roll and the violence - shows that he understood instinctively, better than anyone else until then, that cinema (or at least this kind of cinema, the kinetic, splanchnic kind) and rock n roll are twain expressions of revolutionary instincts, and that they are as inherently destructive as they are creative. This simple device - brutal outbreaks of violence combined with an upbeat soundtrack - has been taken up by both the mainstream cinema at large and by many individual auteurs, all of whom are in Scorseses debt - Stone and Tarantino coming at once to mind. Reaction to Mean Streets Reaction Paper to Mean StreetsMean Streets greatest influence in American cinema was not on directors or scriptwriters (though its influence there was considerable) but rather on actors. The film has Harvey Keitel (as Charlie) at its center, whose solidity and slight dullness as an actor keeps the film from spinning off into total anarchy but it is Robert De Niros Johnny Boy (Charlies wild, self-destructive friend whom he looks out for with all the obsessiveness of an older brother) that gives the film its charge. Johnny Boy dances and gyrates and leaps and spins about the edges of the film, continually threatening to take it into and out of chaos (which he finally does). De Niros performance, which remains as hilarious and breath-taking as ever - was a revelation at the time. De Niro took naturalistic, method acting to new highs, and his Johnny Boy is possibly the very first performance of its kind. Its a genuine portrayal of a street punk whose charm and obnoxiousness are almost uncannily intertwined - you cant despise Johnny Boy, but you cant respect him much, either. You just have to love him. Its easy enough to imagine Charlies frustration over this kid - De Niros work here adds depth and veracity to Keitels, and the two actors work so well together that some of their scenes ? like the one they have together in Taxi Driver - have an almost hallucinatory buzz to them.Aside from its acting, the other major influence which Mean Streets had upon American film-makers was through its use of a rock n roll soundtrack (almost perfectly integrated with the images), and in its depiction of a new kind of screen violence. Unexpected, volatile, explosive and wholly senseless, yet, for all that, undeniably cinematic violence. The way in which Scorsese blends these two - the rock and roll and the violence - shows that he understood instinctively, better than anyone else until then, that cinema (or at least this kind of cinema, the kinetic, visceral kind) and rock n roll are both expressions of revolutionary instincts, and that they are as inherently destructive as they are creative. This simple device - brutal outbreaks of violence combined with an upbeat soundtrack - has been taken up by both the mainstream cinema at large and by many individual auteurs, all of whom are in Scorseses debt - Stone and Tarantino coming at once to mind.

Essay --

As time changes, so does everything else in the world. Scientists score been finding numerous ways to rectify our ordinary technology and they have succeeded, but what about transportation? Over the years, scientists have improved transportation by simply thinking out of the box. Cars have evolved from being animals slew ride on to automobiles people ride in. For example, the use of transportation was the use of donkeys and horses from the Middle Ages all the way to the 18th century people loved the idea of wagons and horses because it was the easiest way to get from place to place (5). The firstborn car to ever be made was invented by Karl Benz in 1886 and it had three wheels Benz as well built the first successful gasoline powered vehicle to ever be seen but it was very expensive (9). As the idea of cars came about, people approximation it was ten times better than using wagons and horses the car was the quicker and easier way for people to travel most. Furthermore, the firs t affordable car to be invented was made by Henry Ford in 1903, and it was a four-wheeler that was also a gasoline powered car it was called the Model T, and it was very unsafe because it didnt have anything to defend the driver (10). As cars kept improving over the years, inventors and scientists found new ways to keep people safe in their cars the seatbelt was then invented by Nils Bohlin and it was first introduced by Volvo in 1959 (1). Since more people were buying cars, inventors and scientists wanted to make it a safer experience, so they came up with a way for people to not disappear out of their cars this surely kept the accident rate down. In less than two hundred years, transportation went from animals to vehicles scientists have made cars safer, easier, ... ... fiberglass, and even steel (3). As boats became larger and heavier, scientists found the need to accompany those characteristics with different materials to help boats stay afloat, remain durable, and still be a ble to navigate. With the creation of boats, peoples lives have changed and will deal to do so with the help of new technology and scientists daring to think of the unimaginable.It is not a surprise that technology has interject to be as ripe as it is now but along with it, transportation has also evolved and continues to do so in the biggest way possible. From cars to boats to rockets, transportation is important for human beings to get around and it has advanced greatly with the help of scientists and regular people who chose to think bigger. Scientists are just beginning with these new inventions, so who knows what new transportation will come next.

The Character of Caliban in Shakespeares Tempest Essay -- Essays on Sh

Caliban is one of the primary antagonists in William Shakespeares piece of cake The tempest. It is impossible to understand the Tempest without first understanding the character of Caliban. Through the exploration of the character of Caliban the reader gains an understanding of his importance within the play and that he is simply not mediocre black and white, at that place is withal a colossal deal of grey. It is the characters ambiguity that enables him to be human inside although appearing bestial on the outside. Caliban is a great example of a character being much more than one dimensional, almost to the point of being nearly a real person. While there is a great emphasis on the pure and the good, everyone has within them a darker side. Which is that of depravity and evil thoughts. This is what makes us human. It is how we deal with these thoughts and balance them that makes us a person. It is also the way in which this almost, alter ego manifests itself to both to yoursel f and the rest of mankind, that distinguishes between good and bad peopleThis thing of darkness, I must acknowledge mine Arguably, The Tempest is a play that focuses upon the character of Prospero and his power to punish verses his power to forgive. Many scholars believe that the play is also nearly an autobiographical work, written towards the end of Shakespeares literary career. This idea is reinforced throughout the play, especially towards the end and in the epilogue ?...my ending is despair, Unless I be relieved by prayer.? Epilogue 15-16 And ?Ill break my staff, Bury it in authoritative fathoms in the earth, And deeper than did ever plummet sound Ill drown my book?5154-57Therefore, our understanding of Calibans position in th... ...our understanding of Caliban and The Tempest as a play is therefore one of great importance. He puts an angle on Prosperos character that other aspects of forgiveness and that of the wronged Duke simply do not cover. He shows up Prosperos faults and the fact that Prospero is only human, capable of anger, hatred, and punishing those who are guilty in his eyes. Works CitedBevington, David. The Necessary Shakespeare Third Edition. United States PearsonEducation, Inc., 2009. Print.Cengage, Gale, Michael L. LaBlanc Ed. The Tempest (Vol. 72) - Introduction. Shakespearean Criticism. Vol. 72, 2006. eNotes.com. 2003. 29 Oct, 2009. Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. The transact Works of Shakespeare. Ed. David Bevington. 5th ed. New York Pearson Longman, 2004. 1574-603.

An Effective, Professional Teacher Essay -- Professionalism and Ethics

IntroductionThe statement Teaching reflections, questions, decisions sums up what it means to be an effective instructor. Teachers argon ever making decisions about professionalism and ethics, teaching strategies, classroom management, and how to keep their students motivated. These decisions can have a major impact on student learning and how effective they are as teachers. Questioning is an essentialand one of the most importantinstructional skills that a teacher can possess. Teachers need to be able to ask the assign types and levels of questions, such as the high and low order questions based on Blooms taxonomy, as well as being skilled in responding to students answers. Teachers also need to be constantly evaluating and reflecting on the curriculum, the teaching process, the learners and the diversity of their backgrounds and how it can affect their learning process.DiscussionDecisionsProfessionalism and EthicsTeacher professionalism has played a significant role in improvin g the quality of student learning in Australian schools (Preston, 1993, p. 5). Whitton, Barker, Nosworthy, Sinclair & Nanlohy (2010, pp. 49-60), divided the standards of teaching into six categories academician formal academic qualifications needed to become a teacher ethics behaving ethically with the right conduct and practice legal total compliance with child protection requirements, laws on working with children and duty of care professional lifelong learning and professional development by reading, research or study ad hominem appropriate personal presentation and personal development and cultural accepting and respecting all cultures and everyone in the school community.Teachers need to make decisions on h... ...ards-based instruction (5th ed.). Boston Pearson Education, Inc.Preston, B. (1993). Teacher professionalism Implications for teachers, teacher educators and democratic schooling. Independent Education 23(4), 4-12. Retrieved from http//edocs.library.curtin.edu .au/eres_display.cgi?url=dc60261746.pdfright=1University of Tasmania. (2010). Maslows hierarchy of needs pyramid. Retrieved April 19, 2011, from http//www.ruralhealth.utas.edu.au/comm-lead/leadership/maslow-diagram.htmWesley, D. C., (1998). Eleven ways to be a big teacher. Educational Leadership 55(5), 80-81. Retrieved from http//proquest.umi.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/pqdweb?did=26126116&sid=1&Fmt=6&clientId=22212&RQT=309&VName=PQD&cfc=1Whitton, D., Barker, K., Nosworthy, Sinclair, C., & Nanlohy, P. (2010). Learning for teaching Teaching for learning. South Melbourne Cengage Learning.

Student Athletes Should Not Be Paid Essay -- College Sports

Student Athletes Should Not Be PaidIn the world of college athletics there are endless topics discussed day-by-day and most pertain to money. An issue that f entirelys under this category includes the heated debate involving whether or not student jocks should receive money. Many throng plead student athletes should receive compensation according to their specific needs because they spend so much time earning their scholarship and beat no time to work. On the other hand, the stronger argument is student athletes should not be able to acquire additional funds in order to help aid them through college. An athlete knows what he or she is involving themselves in before any money issue is even brought up. Signing a letter of intent shows that they understand this. But people still feel the opportunity to work a job while competing in a sport is virtually non existent in a persona one atmosphere, and therefore athletes need money.When looking at all angles, those that feel athl etes should be paid usually have the same arguments. They think because athletes have borderline free time and a lot of the schools revenue is produced by them, this qualifies athletes to a portion of money. For instance, football and mens basketball have proven over the years to make the most money for most universities. In fact Since 1965, the NCAA increased its revenue by 8000 percent and CBS signed a contract through the year, 2002, for $72 million to cover the NCAA tournament. (For Years par. 5) With these kinds of numbers produced by college athletes many suggest they need to receive a little back. Its a reasonable thought since athletes are responsible for such an enormous amount of cash flow. The NCAA is often compared to a business and a bu... ...a university and playing a sport at the same time was supposed to be easy or profitable.If a law was to pass regarding college athletes receiving money many things would be different in the future. A major concern involv es recruiting. Universities allowed to pay players would be able to buy recruits persuading them to attend the school offering the most money. Its almost exchangeable a free agent in professional sports. Attending the school with the most to offer decreases the likelihood of a fair playing ground for all of college athletics. As a result certain schools would be major powerhouses and it would stay this way forever. Although there are some schools considered powerhouses now, the odds of a school with have intercourse domination would be much more likely. Overall if student athletes begin to get paid, collegiate sports will become corrupted.

Student Athletes Should Not Be Paid Essay -- College Sports

Student Athletes Should Not Be PaidIn the world of college mutation there are endless topics discussed daily and most pertain to money. An issue that falls under this category includes the heated debate involving whether or not learner athletes should receive money. Many people say student athletes should receive compensation according to their specific deficiencys because they spend so much time earning their intuition and read no time to work. On the other hand, the stronger argument is student athletes should not be able to acquire additional funds in invest to help aid them through college. An athlete knows what he or she is involving themselves in before any money issue is even brought up. Signing a letter of intent shows that they understand this. But people still feel the opportunity to work a job while competing in a sport is nigh non existent in a division one atmosphere, and therefore athletes need money.When looking at all angles, those that feel athletes shou ld be paid usually have the same arguments. They think because athletes have minimal free time and a lot of the schools tax is produced by them, this qualifies athletes to a portion of money. For instance, football game and mens basketball have proven over the years to make the most money for most universities. In fact Since 1965, the NCAA increased its revenue by 8000 percent and CBS signed a contract through the year, 2002, for $72 million to cover the NCAA tournament. (For Years par. 5) With these kinds of numbers produced by college athletes many suggest they need to receive a little back. Its a reasonable thought since athletes are responsible for such an enormous amount of cash flow. The NCAA is often compared to a business and a bu... ...a university and playing a sport at the same time was supposed to be easy or profitable.If a law was to several(prenominal)rsault regarding college athletes receiving money many things would be different in the future. A major co ncern involves recruiting. Universities allowed to pay players would be able to buy recruits persuading them to attend the school religious offering the most money. Its almost like a free agent in professional sports. Attending the school with the most to offer decreases the likelihood of a fair playing ground for all of college athletics. As a result certain schools would be major powerhouses and it would stay this way forever. Although there are some schools considered powerhouses now, the odds of a school with complete domination would be much more likely. Overall if student athletes begin to get paid, collegiate sports will receive corrupted.

Team Sports Economis Assignment

Name James Sumner Student ID 33255189 Question Critically evaluate the approaches and policies to achieve competitive brace in wedlock Ameri rump Sports and atomic number 63an sports through an examination of competitive match philosophy and policy in North the Statesn and European professional sports organisations. instance your analysis with mannequins from both the European and North the Statesn professional sports unions. Tutor John Embery Statement of Au indeedticity I confirm that this submission is all my admit work. Any quotations argon properly referenced using the Harvard referencing method.All errors and omission are my responsibility alone. Word Count 1744 There is a mountain of distinction straight off between the North American and the European model for sport in order to achieve what each seems to perceive as the right competitive equilibrise. This can be defined as the actual performance of a league to the performance that would have occurred if the league had the maximum degree of competitive counterpoise in the sense that all teams were equal in playing strengths. The less the deviation of actual league performance from that ideal league, the greater is the degree of competitive balance (1).This essay go away outline what policies and approaches both the American and European sports models have in order to achieve competitive balance by looking at each continents system of competition, the extensive system of team and player restraints in America such as salary caps compared to the relaxed system Europe has and also inexpert and professional sports in both models. It is important to note that not all sports adhere to their so called model. Sports in America such as football, baseball, hockey game and basketball are very diversified in terms of rules, scheduling, commercialization etc.The European model is largely based on one sport, football/soccer which we know is not what separate sports follow. In North America thither is a disagreeable system of competition meaning no promotion or relegation from a league. This means that the same teams compete in the same league every year. From this we can conclude that the North American model supports comparison and fairness not competitiveness, which could then be perceived as good for achieving competitive balance in the sense that teams do not have to trouble about being relegated to a lower division.This would also mean that teams get to know their counterparts very well which would also add to the competitive balance medical prognosis of sport. However no promotion or relegation may also be deemed as uncompetitive and unbalanced because teams know each year they leave alone still be competing in the same league the season after. This could lead to clubs getting complacent and beaming to be in mid-table of their respective leagues as the issue forth of money all teams earn is astronomical. In NFL the Dallas Cowboys were valued in 2012 at $2. billion (2. ) yet didnt even wipe out in the top 6 of their respected league (3). In Europe teams can fluctuate up and down divisions therefore making our sports to a greater extent based on competitiveness and the will to win which could also be interpreted as competitively balanced or unbalanced. It could achieve higher competitive balance because it allows better teams to move up and play against other better teams but it could also be unbalanced because teams moving up may not have the same resources as other teams in that league.For example Barnsley does not have the same amount of resources Manchester United has if they were promoted. An extensive system of team and player restraints in America certainly improves the terminal of competitive balance. There is a salary cap on not just players but also clubs as well. Since most leagues compute their caps on the ground of revenues for the preceding season, the cap is actually a fixed sum. In North America the NBA, NFL, NHL and Canadian football league have all installed salary caps (4).For example in 2006 the NFL had a salary cap of approximately $102 million. If a team breaches the leagues salary cap for the season then the fines and penalties incurred are then shared between the rest of the teams in that league (5). These salary caps were put into place to achieve twain main objectives increasing competitive balance and for clubs to be financially stable. To say this has been a success is an understatement as many clubs not just in the NFL but also the NHL and NBA are now worth more than half a billion dollars.Competitive balance is also extremely high as 13 different clubs have won the NFL in the last 21 years compared to that of only 5 in the English Premier League (6). Salary caps have prevented large clubs becoming too dominant in America which is exactly what has occurred in Europe, in Spain there is only Barcelona or Real Madrid, in England there is Manchester United, Manchester City and Chelsea competing for the titles. This is partly due to players demands for affiance rises and bonuses. Most clubs simply cannot offer a player ? 80,000 per week.To give an example in terms the amount big clubs spend on wages to compared to little ones in 2009 Manchester United spent ? 123. 1 million while West Bromwich Albion spent ? 30. 0 million (7). This is the main reason why competitive balance in the EFL has drifted further apart in recent years. The media, other big organisations from different industries and even governments have heavily criticised the way European football clubs are run because of this and also because clubs can then not afford to pay off their debts. There is one sport that is an exception in Europe and that is rugger union.They have imposed salary caps on players since 1999 and it has been largely successful for them as well. No clubs have fallen into financial meltdown since the measure was introduced and players have been happy to comply with the cap (8). As previou sly outlined there are also lots of player restraints that come with playing sport in America. For example clubs have the power not the players. The players are owned by the league not the clubs and must go as a group/union to the league if an issue arises. The draft is a system where players are chosen from the colleges/universities by the clubs.The picking order for this is determined by the clubs previous seasons finish in the league with the clubs occupying the lower league positions getting the first pick. This hugely increases competitive balance as obviously they will pick the best players which in theory would bring the teams closer together in terms of quality for the next season. Therefore before the start of each season each team has just as good a chance of winning the league as the others. With the NFL having 13 different champions in 21 years it shows that that the system industrial plant and is a lot more competitive than football in Europe. 9) The policy or approach that ties these team and player restraints together in North America is called the collective bargaining system. These are largely labour agreements between the league, clubs and players where issues such as minimum and maximum salary caps are agreed. This system has been describe as the very essential difference compared with Europe, where the sports industry concept and player unions have been relatively weaker and not equipped with the necessary bargaining powers (10).According to Fort there are also 3 other major differences between the American and European models that affect competitive balance. The fans, sports organisations and team objectives are all different. There is test to support this assumption as studies have shown that both sets of fans want different things. America does have better policies to keep the competitive balance fair but in terms of the rules of the games the balance is a lot closer in Europe. For example in Europe we have draws in football making the balance higher, Americans have overtime in the NFL until one of the teams score.Also in Europe we have lower scoring games such as 1-0 or 1-1, in America this is considered sluggish and teams regularly score over 30 points in a game. Therefore some aspects of European sports do have a higher competitive balance than some American sports. There are also major differences between volunteer(a) and professional sports. In America there is a sharp distinction between the two levels each with its own integrated structures. Athletes that compete in Amateur sports in America are unpaid whereas quite a lot of amateur players in Europe are.These supporters are also governed by more than one organisation. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Amateur Sports Alliance of North America (ASANA) are just two of these. This is a more horizontal system rather than the vertically integrated system Europe has which means that professionals and amateurs do not compete against ea ch other. This could be seen as a good approach to achieve competitive balance as there are amateur and professional levels for a reason, mainly because the level of skill required in professional sports is a lot higher.Therefore by keeping them separate each athlete knows where they stand. You are either a professional and get paid or youre an amateur, not a mixture of both like we have in Europe. The pyramid structure of European sports organisations such as UEFA and the FA for example brings together amateur and professional sports into a vertical system governed for the common good by integrated associations and federations. In this vertical system there is not such a sharp distinction between amateur and professional sports.For example vat City, an amateur team, beat Grimsby Town, a professional team in the 2009 FA Cup first round (12). Therefore the two different levels of sport in Europe can compete against each other. This approach to achieving competitive balance could be seen as both authoritative and negative in terms of achieving competitive balance. The positive side is the fact that with our promotion and relegation system amateur teams can develop into professional ones. AFC Wimbledon set up after Wimbledon FC was liquidated by the supporters and had amateurs playing.They had five promotions in nine years propelling them into the football league making them a professional club (13). The negative side to having little distinction between the two levels is that big professional teams can play small amateur teams which would not be good in terms of achieving competitive balance as the perturbation in skill level would be too much for the smaller teams. It has been shown therefore that the North American and European sports models are very different in their policies and approaches to achieving competitive balance.Salary caps for players and limiting the amount sports teams can spend in America has proved positive for achieving competitive balanc e. Thirteen different champions in 21years proves it has been a success. The closed system and promotion and relegation system both have aspects that bring competitive balance closer but also aspects which take it further away. References/Bibliography 1) Noll 1991 2) microphone Ozanian. (2012). Dallas Cowboys Lead NFL With $2. 1 Billion Valuation. Available http//www. forbes. com/sites/mikeozanian/2012/09/05/dallas-cowboys-lead-nfl-with-2-1-billion-valuation/. 3)

Daniel Goleman Theory of Emotional Intelligence Essay

The scholarship tycoon among hu manhoods is as varied as their physical abilities. However, adept apparent fact is that they all possess some similar characteristics. Psychologists have often tried to understand humans by studying their behavior and explaining it in terms of sense information. As such(prenominal), it has been argued that the way a person perceives and interprets his physical world, described and possessed in behavior, is determined by science operation. However, psychologists are not yet hold on the exact definition of intelligence point though there are some agreed upon attributes that can be attached to the concept.The ability to gripe complex ideas, handle situations effectively and reason is varied among humans. It is recognized that this variation is substantial but never consistent as an various(prenominal) will exhibit different intellectual performance on different occasions. The concept of intelligence is thus aimed at rearranging and clear up t hese complex phenomena. There has been progress with regard to rearranging and clarifying these complex phenomena heretofore though they let off do not command universal assent. Psychologists have often focused on cognitive aspects on their abbreviation of intelligence.In other words, emphasis has always been laid on such aspects like memory and problem solving skills. However, some psychologists recognize the importance of non-cognitive aspects in analyzing intelligence. In his definition, David Wechsler identifies such factors like rationality, purposeful action and ability to handle the environment effectively as the main features of intelligence. In his early works, Wechsler identified non-intellective as well as intellective aspects. By intellective and non-intellective aspects, he was referring to social, personal and affective factors.(Wechsler, 1940 444-445) He further held that the possibility of success in life is dependent upon non-intellective abilities. In youthful past, a new aspect has emerged with regard to intelligence and this has been motivated by the need to explain how senses and fantasy impact on all(prenominal) other. It is thus in the interest of this paper to look at this aspect of intelligence which has gained prominence in the field of psychology. This new aspect is what has been referred to as stirred intelligence. In this paper, I will look at the development, theories and elements of stimulated intelligence. What is sensational Intelligence BackgroundThe term emotional intelligence was coined by Salovey and Meyer in 1990. When they coined this term, they were well aware of the old work by other psychologists on non-cognitive aspects of intelligence. In their description of emotional intelligence, Salovey and Meyer viewed it as the ability of an individual to guide his or her thinking and action d cardinal monitoring his or her feelings and emotions (and those of others) and compare them against his own. As such, they considered it a form of social intelligence. The study in this field of social intelligence emerged as a impart of research in the field of information and affect.Research in this area also gained prominence as a result of works by other psychologists who pointed out that there could be a cognitive connection between biliousness and judgment. These psychologists suggested that there could be a possibility that when a person gets happy, for instance, he is bound to cognitively judge his past positively thus elevating his moods further. On the other hand, bad moods lead to negative notions thereby increasing or declination the condition. Robert Zajonc (1980) suggested that in determining attitudes, feelings played a bigger role than scholarship.His argument was that it is feelings which paid attention to the physical world. This view emanated from an empirical conception of human life. It is a widely held position that it is the senses that is responsible for feeding the brain with information for interpretation. This on the other hand affected or is affected by moods and memory. The influence of mood on memory was examined by Gordon Bower who described an activation model of memory. He observed that happy moods influenced happy thoughts while on the other hand, troubling moods influenced sad thoughts.(Bower, 1981) According to him, if virtuoso was in the state of happiness, he is bound to view his past social actions positively which in turn stimulates positive thoughts. On the other hand, if one is sad, he is bound to view his past as a series of failures within the social realm thereby increasing his sadness. As such, the state of mind influences attitude and cognition. This analysis by Bower helped in the comprehension and explanation of many empirical aspects of emotional intelligence. Much contribution in the field of emotional intelligence was brought by Clerk and Fiskes Affect and Cognition.A departure from research on the interaction between emo tion and cognition was marked by the study of emotion and thought by social, personality and cognitive psychologists. The concept of defense mechanism by Sigmund Freud even though put emphasis on the pathological factors, also recognized and emphasized on the interaction between thought and emotion. The view that emotions prejudiced and disrupted thought was inherited when the cognition and affect literature surfaced. The idea that emotions and thought caused biasness went hand in hand with the idea that emotions could be adaptive for thought.This went on as inquiries into emotions and thought diverged from an emphasis on psychopathology to normal everyday thoughts and moods. The result was the idea that intelligence and emotions can integrate to perform complex information processing that each cannot answer independently. This was the development of the concept of emotional intelligence. Salovey and Mayer in their attempt to develop accurate and valid measures of emotional intell igence initiated a research program which was also meant to explore its significance. Daniel Goleman recognized their work which led to his formulation of the speculation of emotional intelligence.Theories of Emotional Intelligence There is a general conception that emotion and intelligence are two distinct concepts which cannot integrate. As such, the term emotional intelligence appears as a contradiction. However, emotions often convey messages which can be processed. That is, they signal relations. This assurance makes the term sensible. Philosophers have often inquired into the nature and meaning of emotions and came into a conclusion that they define the relationship between an individual and other members of the society. As such, every emotion defines an individuals relationship with himself and his relationship with others.There is a universality and regularity in the meaning of emotions. Comprehending the universal meaning of emotions was adopted by cognition and affect re searchers. A transcription which defined joy as a positive feeling which comes after an assurance that an action will be rewarded and respite as a positive feeling which points to the absence of punishment was outlined by Roseman (1984). A similar approach was taken up by Ortony, Clore and collins (1988) which defined joy as a well being emotion which comes as a result of self reaction to desirable occurrence.Emotional intelligence can be fragmented into four branches of abilities. These include perceiving and expressing emotions, integrating emotions in thoughts, comprehending and managing emotions. All these are important in the overall theory of emotional intelligence. Perceiving Emotions undefiled perception is the first step in emotional information processing. The system of emotional perception is a product of evolution built through prison term so as to facilitate communication between parent and child. The child therefore learns emotions from the mother.For instance, whe n the infant smiles, her mother reflects back the kind of face associated with smiling which in this case is contracting the cheeks muscles. As a person grows, he learns to generalize patterns of how emotions are manifested in the physical realm which includes objects, artwork and even other people. For instance, a person may associate a relaxed shouldered posture with calmness. Emotional integration After the perception of an emotion, it has the capacity to influence cognition at various points of processing. Emotional integration thus focuses on the contributions that emotion makes in the reasoning process.Various suggestions have been put forward on how emotions may facilitate cognition. According to Easterbrook (1959), Mandler (1975) and Simon (1982), emotions provide an impulse to prioritization. (Tad. In John D. Mayer, Emotions, Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence. p. 420) For instance, someone in deep concentration in say, a photo is oblivious of the surrounding environ ment, even the couch he is seated on. Nonetheless, he may experience a growing sense of anxiety and on hearing the voices of children outside he realizes that he is supposed to be in a psychology build.The interrupting anxiety to some extent is a second processing system independent of the central cognitive system. As such, it enables cognition to direct resources to a problem until and unless a competing response emerges. Another way through which emotions help cognition is by functioning as a secondary store nearly emotions themselves. For instance, if an artist wants to paint suffering, he reflects back on an experience or movie of suffering and recreates the feeling. The act of mood cycling or mood switching is another way through which emotions contribute to intelligence.Cognitive system is often refreshed by mood alterations. These mood alterations have a consequence of bringing various emotional tools to handle a particular problem. According to Mayer, a faulting in jud gment through increasing motivational direction may enhance functioning. (Ibid. 421) A cycling of moods also provides different perspectives on a compositors case or problem thereby enhancing creativity. Mood can also assist intelligence by providing implicit information on past experiences. As such they act as references in decision making processes.For instance, one may have some facts on a given event but still would not be in a position to choose which of his alternatives is best for him. As such, he reflects back on his feelings towards those alternatives. Emotions thus summarize these past experiences. Comprehending Emotion The closest branch to traditional intelligence is understanding emotions. The hypothesis is that there exists a mental processor whose main function is to understand, abstract and reason about emotional data. Labeling feelings and understanding what they represent are just but part of this processing.For instance, one may label a feeling love. As such, he or she recognizes that love reflects upon relationship with other people. Emotion Management This is the final branch to emotional intelligence model. It involves the management of emotions for personal development and growth. For instance, an informative emotion enables one to gather information about his environment, especially the social environment, if one opens himself for such information. People open to sadness will best understand the painful conditions which man has to grapple with in the course of existence.This also enhances the good in the sense that one may not be in the position to appreciate blessings if he doe not understand the difficulties in life. For instance, after sacrificing ones time to study hard, he may achieve happiness when he graduates with a first class honors. However, openness is not the end of management. The knowledge gained from perceiving, integrating and understanding emotional dispositions must be put into practical use in order to increase emo tional management.In other words, it is through perceiving and understanding emotions that one knows the consequences of experiencing them or blocking them. The theory has left open the way in which emotional intelligence manage emotions. Intelligence enables one to explore and evaluate possibilities with their own goals in mind. Even though one may hope that many people manage their emotions well, emotionally intelligent individuals at times manage their feelings negatively. Discussion The foundations of the new theory of emotional intelligence are based on the field of cognition and affect.As inquiries were made on how thoughts were altered by emotions by cognition and affect researchers, a shift emerged from the clinical researchers who emphasized on how thoughts were pathologized by emotions. standardization of such phenomena was started by the cognition and affect researchers who who found them in everyday human behavior. The focus of emotional intelligence was thus how emotio ns and intelligence facilitate each other mutually in order to create a high level of emotional information processing and a higher level of thought.A model of emotional intelligence was formulated which viewed it as a form of intelligence mainly concerned with processing emotional signals related to relationships. As such, emotional intelligence is concerned with the capacity to consider emotions rationally for better management. Measuring Emotional Intelligence The assessment of intelligence is done entirely by ability tests. As observed earlier, theoretical model construction and measurement procedures are involved in the development of emotional intelligence. Individuals who take ability tests are subjected to germane(predicate) mental tasks within a controlled environment.This is meant to measure their optimum mental performance. However, the examination of many different skills which may be tied to intelligence is a destiny for the establishment of intelligence. This is so b ecause the existence of intelligence is based upon the intercorrelation between skills which also develop with age. The Value of Emotional Intelligence When people are confronted with setbacks or failure, they endure to make some causal attributions. Optimists tend to make external attributions that are temporary and specific while pessimists make internal attributions which are universal and permanent.This is jibe to learned optimism construct developed by Martin Seligman. In a research carried among gross salesmen by Seligman and his colleague, they found that optimistic new salesmen sold more insurance in their first years than the pessimistic ones. When the company hired another group of individuals who failed normal screening but scored high on optimism, the made more sales than the pessimists by 21 per cent. (Schulman, 1995). an aspect of emotional intelligence which has exhibited much success is the ability to handle stress and manage feelings. Tests of Emotional Intellige nceAccording to Goleman, even though entry level executive positions require technical skills and IQ, high emotional intelligence is an integral part of high performance leadership. A naive emotional test based on theories by Goleman can help identify emotional intelligence and leadership. As such, one may establish his emotional intelligence through the use of emotional intelligence test so long as it is based firmly on emotional intelligence theory. A happier and more balanced lifestyle can be achieved by an awareness of ones emotional abilities which may also help in improving his emotional intelligence.military rating of ones ability to regulate his emotions in a balanced and healthy manner can be achieved through emotional intelligence tests. After the completion of the test, an individual is in a better position to comprehend his greatest emotional strengths and weaknesses which enables him to evaluate his aptitude in every emotional category. Emotional intelligence theory is also important in identifying the emotional intelligence of a child which provides abase for emotional intelligence training. Developing emotional intelligence skills require that one is in a position to identify his emotional intelligence strengths and weaknesses.ReferencesBower, G. , H, (1981) Mood and Memory. American Psychologist. 36, 129-148 ed. John D. Mayer, Emotions, Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence. p. 420 Goleman D. (1995) Emotional Intelligence. New York Bantam Mayer, J. & Salovey, P. Choosing a Measure of Emotional Intelligence The Case for Ability Scales. In R. Ban-On Handbook for Emotional Intelligence. Guilford Wechsler, D. (1940) Non intellective Factors in General Intelligence, Psychological Bulletin, 37, 444-445 Zajonc, R. , B. , (1980) Feeling and Thinking References Need No Inferences. American Psychologist, 35, 151-175

Do Not Count Your Chickens Before They Are Hatched

This is a famous story that a man was very scummy and lived hand to mouth. Happy go lucky, he earned a gold coin. He was very glad by that and started ejecting his future. He dreamed that by selling this gold coin, he will profane several chickens which then lead to a poultry farm. With so much earning with the poultry he will buy cows and goats and as it seems, he will become very rich soon While he was in the state of highest level of expectations, he was so deeply sank into the sea of never ending wishes that he didnt see main-hole opened.His foot intersected with it and he fallen and that gold coin ran to the main-hole. All his dreams shattered and the castles he built in air ended in smoke. Although the story is quite humoristic but there are lessons in it. Say you have 6 eggs, and you cast in feed and a cage large enough to feed and house 6 chickens, but only 1 egg hatches. There goes almost of your investment down the drain. All events happen in a line. For example, you f irst get the job, and then you buy the car. Not the other way around. The phrase tries to inform that you should not think about the car until you get the job.In the case of the chicken, you should first focus on hatching the eggs before you focus on how much money you are going to make from selling the chickens. While looking ahead is wise but it is foolishness that one would start enjoying and idea things before they happen or simply become closet-strategist. One must not, also confuse serpentine wisdom with day- aspiration. Suppose we are planning a trip to Northern Areas of Pakistan and estimate the budget, plan the routes or possible stops or booking advance the hotels etc. , this is outlook or planning, which in maturate can save us from many troubles.On the other hand if we think in such a way that what games we are going to adjoin? How much enjoyment we will be having? What will we do if we see the snowfall? Will we throw snow balls at each other? This is dreaming which can cause disappointments or upsetting. The conclusion is we should not think about the future before we reach it or simply dont find things if you dont have them yet because its consequences may not be the same as we think. A great many of the problems faced by the foundation these days is due to this reason.

Reflective Assignment About a Personal Teaching Philosophy

Every pedagogue should possess his or her own(prenominal) alone set of learning dogma which suits the ever-changing demands and demands of instruction in today s society. Exploring and heightening the beliefs of learning drama an of import function in lending to the success of an pedagogue in the instruction profession. This learning doctrine has been shaped by my personal experience when functioning my alma mater as a alleviation instructor. It will function as a model for my boarding to the profession of instruction with the purpose of success in learning.My Concept of Learning Which came foremost, the poulet or the egg? If my pupil were to look into me this inquiry, I would likely smile at him and answer, Why do nt you happen out and state me? My extreme belief about acquisition is that it is non simply merely a procedure of geting learning or achievements ( dictionary.com , 2010 ) but besides a journey of honor where sometimes the journey of find is more(prenomina l) of import than the find itself. This construct of acquisition can be illustrated by The Constructivist Learning Theory ( Teaching with the Constructivist Learning Theory , 2010 ) which states that pupils learn best when they generate their ain cognition alternatively of holding person to bring forth for them. Learning would non be meaningful if eachthing is traveling to be spoon-fed to the pupil. I believe that merely by larning by means of and finished errors or experiences, it would do the pupil retrieve what went incorrect during the procedure and that they would non reiterate the error once more. This is why this construct has been embraced for effectual acquisition ( Oon Seng Tan, 2011, p. 476 ) .The Learner and his functionsIn the consort of acquisition, the pupils should larn to be responsible for their ain actions and be able to take pride in their work ( Urrutia, 2010 ) . My ends for my pupils is non merely about accomplishing good classs in the panorama of faculty members, but besides to learn them the important accomplishments of endurance when they enter into the existent universe outside the schoolroom. This is likely why we have our really ain NIE jersey that says We develop all other professions The Learning EnvironmentHiking the assurance and developing good communicating accomplishments in each person is one of the of import facets in fixing our pupils for the existent universe. This can be achieved by making a supportive schoolroom environment ( McCutcheon, 2006, p. 30 ) where it is non-threatening but fun-filled. Students shall be given commensurate chances to talk up and portion their experiences. Based on my past experience, one of the house regulations I imposed within my schoolroom was to do all my pupils venerate and cheer enthusiastically after any signifier of unwritten presentation be it a short transition reading or traveling up on phase to execute. The construct of this method is to give the take parting p upil a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction and that it would easy alter them to go more confident as a individual. Simple encouragement words or congratulationss like Well done You ve done us proud should non be neglected in the class of constructing their assurance. After fiting with the assurance to talk up in category, the pupils would so be able to associate and pass on more with me, therefore larning through this type of environment would be much more meaningful and effectual.The instructor and his functionsThe different functions of instructor are excessively more to advert. In my position, one of the most of import functions of a instructor is to guarantee that what is being taught has been understood by the pupils. In order to recognize that, I should invariably develop new competences in order to maintain up with the society s altering outlooks by being every bit capable as possible. Possessing a willing-to-learn attitude, I should invariably update myself with the latest engineering by subscribing up for IT-courses, acquiring myself in touch with information, tendencies and planetary issues that are most up-to-date through activi tie-ups like go toing educational negotiations or even take parting in forums. Bing unfastened to other suggestions and advices from co-workers besides help to better on my instruction schemes. With the expanded cognition and updated accomplishments, successful instruction can farther be achieved when I guarantee that every lesson has been prepared adequately to demo my professionalism. Bing a resourceful instructor would assist me derive the regard from my pupils. On top of that, I should take to construct a good resonance with my pupils. This could be done through simple Acts of the Apostless like holding a repast with them during deferral clip, or even holding a hoops game with them after category. By tie ining myself more with the pupils, it can assist me derive their trust for me and that they would handle me a s person more than merely their instructor.In the instruction profession, there are many more constructs and theories out at that place that would help me in my instruction. However, the theories of Constructivism and Professionalism can be found within the basicss of my instruction doctrine. Reflections shall be done after every lesson to guarantee that I have adopted and use the suited theories for my category. As I enter into the instruction profession, it is of import that new beliefs of learning be explored in order for me to accomplish success in learning. I believe the foundations should be able to steer me throughout the journey of learning profession and it shall help me in my growing as an pedagogue personally and professionally. Last, it is besides of import for our learning doctrine to do conform to the values of Ministry of Education in order to accomplish the desire outcomes in pupils.

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 1

8 months laterEllaI despise mirrors. Not because I hate my reflection or that I acquire from Eisoptrophobia. Mirrors see straight through my facade. They kat once who I employ to be a loud spoken, reckless miss, who showed what she felt to the world. There were no secrets with me.But now secrets define me.If a reflection revealed what was on the byside, Id be okay. My long auburn hair goes well with my pale complexion. My legs ar extensively long and with heels, Im t aller than most of the guys I know. But Im comfortable with it. Its whats buried deep inside(a) that frightens me because its broken, like a shattered mirror.I tape one of my old sketches all over the mirror on the dorm wall. Its almost completely concealed by drawings and obscures all of my reflection except for my green eyes, which are frosted with infinite pain and secrets.I crook my hair into a messy bun and place my charcoaled pencils into a box on my bed, packing them with my other art supplies.Lila skip s into the room with a cheery grin on her face and a drink in her hand. Oh my God Oh my God Im so glad its over.I pick up a roll of packing tape false the dresser. Oh my God Oh my god I joke. What are you drinking?She tips the cup at me and winks. Juice, silly. Im just really excited to be getting a break. Even if it does mean I put in to go home. She tucks strands of her hair behind her ear and tosses a makeup bag into her purse. Have you seen my perfume?I pull down at the boxes on her bed. I have in mind you packed them in one of those. Not sure which one, though, since you didnt label them.She pulls a face at me. Not all of us can be neat freaks. Honestly, Ella, sometimes I think you have OCD.I write Art Supplies neatly on the box and frank the cap back on the sharpie. I think you might be on to me, I joke.Dang it. She smells herself. I really need it. All this heat is do me sweat. She rips some photos off her dresser mirror and throws them into an open box. I swear its l ike a hundred and ten outside.I think its actually hotter than that. I set my school work in the trash, all marked with As. Back in High School, I used to be a C student. I hadnt really planned on going to college, but life changes people change.Lila narrows her blue eyes at my mirror. You do know that were not going to have the equivalent dorm when we come back in the fall, so unless you take all your artwork off, its just going to be thrown out by the next person.Theyre just a bunch of doodles sketches of haunting eyes, blue roses entwined by a bed of thorns, my name woven in an intricate pattern. None of them result except one a sketch of an old friend, playing his guitar. I peel that one off, careful not to tear the corners.Ill leave them for the next person, I say and add a smile. Theyll have a predecorated room.Im sure the next person will actually want to look in the mirror. She folds up a pink shirt. Although, I dont know why you want to cover up the mirror. Youre not ug ly, El.Its not about that. I stare at the drawing that captures the eagerness in Michas eyes.Lila snatches the drawing from my hands, crinkling the edges a little. One day youre going to have to tell me who this gorgeous guy is.Hes just some guy I used to know. I steal the drawing back. But we dont talk anymore.Whats his name? She stacks a box next to the door.I place the drawing into the box and legal tender it with a strip of tape. Why?She shrugs. Just wondering.His name is Micha. Its the first time Ive said his name aloud, since I left home. It hurts, like a rock lodged in my throat. Micha Scott.She glances over my shoulder as she piles the rest of her clothes into a box. Theres a lot of passion in that drawing. I just dont see him as being some guy. Is he like an old boyfriend or something?I drop my duffel bag, packed with my clothes, next to the door. No, we never dated.She eyes me over with doubt. But you came close to dating? Right?No. I told you we were just friends. But o nly because I wouldnt let us be anything more. Micha saw as well much of me and it scared me too much to let him in all the way.She twists her strawberry blonde hair into a ponytail and fans her face. Micha is an interesting name. I think a name really says a lot about a person. She taps her manicured finger on her chin, thoughtfully. I bet hes hot.You make that bet on every guy, I tease, piling my makeup into a bag.She grins, but theres sadness in her eyes. Yeah, youre probably right. She sighs. Will I at least get to see this dismal Micha who youve refused to speak about our whole eight months of sharing a dorm together when I drop you off at your house?I anticipate not, I mutter and her face sinks. Im sorry, but Micha and I we didnt leave on a good note and I havent talked to him since I left for school in August. Micha doesnt heretofore know where I am.She heaves an overly stuffed pink duffle bag over her shoulder. That sounds like a perfect story for our twelve bit road t rip back home. Back home My eyes widen at the empty room thats been my home for the last eight months. Im not ready to go back home and face everyone I bailed on. Especially Micha. He can see through me better than a mirror.Are you okay? Lila asks with concern.My lips deflexion upward into a stiff smile as I stuff my panicked feeling in a box hidden deep inside my heart. Im great. Lets go.We head out the door, with the last of our boxes in our hands. I pat my empty pockets, realizing I forgot my prognosticate.Hold on. I think I forgot my send for. Setting my box on the ground, I run back to the room and glance around at the garbage bag, a few empty plastic cups on the bed, and the mirror. Where is it? I tot under the bed and in the closet.The soft tune of Pinks Funhouse sings underneath the trash bag my unknown ID ringtone. I pick up the bag and there is my phone with the screen lit up. I scoop it up and my heart stops. Its not an unknown number, just one that was never progra mmed into my phone when I switched carriers.Micha. My hands tremble, otiose to answer, yet powerless to silence it.Arent you going to answer that? Lila enters the room, her face twisted in confusion. Whats up? You look like you just saw a apparition or something.The phone stops ringing and I tuck it into the back pocket of my shorts. We should get going. We have a long trip ahead of us.Lila salutes me. Yes, maam.She cerebrate arms with me and we head out to the parking lot. When we reach the car, my phone beeps.Voicemail.MichaWhy is Ella Daniels such a common name, Ethan grunts from the computer chair. His legs are kicked up on the desk as he lazily scrolls the internet. The list is freaking endless, man. I cant even see straight anymore. He rubs his eyes. Can I take a break?Shaking my head, I pace my room with the phone to my ear, kicking the clothes and other shit on my floor out of the way. Im on hold with the main office at Indiana University, waiting for answers that probabl y arent there. But I have to try Ive been trying ever since the day Ella vanished from my life. The day I promised myself that Id find her no matter what.Are you sure her dad doesnt know where she is? Ethan flops his head back against the headrest of the office chair. I swear that old man knows more than hes letting on.If he does, hes not telling me, I say. Or his trashed mind has misplaced the information.Ethan swivels the chair around. Have you ever considered that maybe she doesnt want to be found?Every wiz day, I mutter. Which makes me even more determined to find her.Ethan refocuses his attention to the computer and continues his search through the endless amount of Ella Daniels in the country. But Im not even sure if shes still in the country.The secretary returns to the phone and gives me the answer I was expecting. This isnt the Ella Daniels Im looking for.I hang up and throw my phone onto the bed. God DammitEthan glances over his shoulder. No luck?I sink down on my bed a nd let my head fall into my hands. It was another dead end.Look, I know you scat her and everything, he says, typing on the keyboard. But you need to get your crap together. All this whining is giving me a headache.Hes right. I shake my pity party off, slick on a black hoodie, and a pair of black boots. Ive got to go down to the shop to pick up a part. You staying or going?He drops his feet to the floor and gratefully shoves away from the desk. Yeah, but can we stop by my house. I need to pick up my drums for tonights practice. Are you going to that or are you still on strike?Pulling my hood over my head, I head for the door. Nah, I got some stuff to do tonight.Thats bull. He reaches to shut off the computer screen. Everyone knows the only reason you dont play anymore is because of Ella. But you need to quit being a pussy and get over her.I think Im going to I smack his hand away from the off button and squint at a picture of a girl on the screen. She has the same dark green eyes and long auburn hair as Ella. But she has on a dress and there isnt any heavy black liner around her eyes. She also looks fake, like shes pretending to be happy. The Ella I knew never pretended.But it has to be her.Dude, what are you doing? Ethan complains as I snatch my phone off my bed. I thought we were giving up for the day.I tap the screen and call information. Yeah, can I get a number for Ella Daniels in Las Vegas, Nevada. I wait, worried shes not going to be listed.Shes been down in Vegas. Ethan peers at the photo on the screen of Ella standing next to a girl with blonde hair and blue eyes in front of the UNLV campus. She looks weird, but kinda hot. So is the girl shes with.Yeah, but shes not your type.Everyones my type. Besides, she could be a exotic belly dancer and thats definitely my type.The operator comes back on and she gives me a few numbers listed, one of the numbers belongs to a girl living on the campus. I telephone dial that number and walk out into the hall to get some privacy. It rings and rings and rings and then Ellas voice comes on the voicemail. She still sounds the same, only a little unemotional, like shes pretending to be happy, but cant quite get there.When it beeps, I take a deep breath and pour my heart out to the voicemail.

Environmental Protection UK Essay

Two lower primary boys died and their father and his girlfriend were equally hospitalized in coma after a terrible spiel with odorless, colorless and toxic fumes that leaked into their bungalow residence from a nearby hotel old and deteriorated boiler (Haines 2010). cytosine monoxide is a toxic and deadly bollocks that in any showcase being odorless and invincible is quite light than air therefore rendering the mess up more terrible in case of leakage.Mild video to the gas makes one get disoriented with dizziness and nauseating effect that render someone fatigued and sick. Continuous exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) leads to death indoors a short time for children while adults goat pass out into a coma and if medical care is not guaranteed death is inevitable. Organically the gas contains type O molecule triple bonded with carbon and usually reacts with the body depriving the red blood cells ability from picking oxygen in presence of the lighter gas leading to cell suffocat ion due to lack of oxygen.Therefore the general usual should be well familiar with the grave danger of CO that is usually liberated in partial burning at the stake of petroleum products, gas, wood and coal that are used in boilers, engines, heaters and burners. Consequently it is important that the municipal home purlieu is sealed from dangers associated with CO gas leakages that are common due to presence of combustible materials in kitchen, garages and power generating equipment. Carbon monoxide in homes is as a issuance of partial combustion of fuels like gas, oil, coal or wood in various home appliances.This gas then leaks out into the atmosphere and inhaled by its victims unwittingly since it is odorless, colorless and very toxic to the thus calling for availability of first aid kits in all homes. Human efforts of opposeing air leakage into the house curiously during the cold season reduces the availability of fresh air into the house thus posing a threat of carbon mon oxide congesting in the house especially when combustion activities are going on such as formulation or heating up the room.Use of unvented gas heaters and kerosene stoves can mother a good source of carbon monoxide in homes since the fresh oxygen is inhibited from getting into the house or cooking room thus combustion is not fully achieved resulting into drudgery of carbon monoxide. Worn out and poorly maintained devises that use combustion can lead to leakage of carbon monoxide intensity level in homes due to untimely disconnections, blockage, wrong size of equipment that result from making use of unqualified personnel to install the house hold appliances or persist in replacing worn out ones .Such equipment includes boilers, heaters, generators and furnaces (EPA 2010). Blocked chimneys and poorly vented ventilations encourage accumulation of carbon monoxide in homes. Animal nests or thrown materials in chimneys always results into the carbon monoxide spilling back into the house thus leading to inhalation by any life animal and people found in the house or room. Further, blockages inhibit oxygen entry during combustion thus very little oxygen is made available for combustion which results into carbon monoxide production in the house thus posing a threat to lives.Storage of vehicles in attached garage leads to Carbon monoxide emission through the exhaust subway system especially during the warming up of the engine. Warming up of automobiles and other machines powered by gasoline like generators ,lawn mowers and grills in enclosed areas pose carbon monoxide inebriation hazard Use of charcoal burners, driers or ovens to heat up a poorly ventilated house leads to carbon monoxide build up and saturation in homes (NMGCO 1).Carbon monoxide is known to inhibit the capability of the blood carrying blood to major body most essential organs such as the heart, brain and liver. Upon inhalation, Carbon monoxide being a lighter gas than oxygen dissolves faster thr ough the alveoli wall unto the red blood cells hemoglobin. The oxygen carrying protein has cooperatively ability such than it slowly combines with large portions of available and lighter gas carbon monoxide thus forming a compound known as carboxyhemoglobin instead of oxyhemoglobin that is readily spent by the body cells (Robert 2010).Since carboxyhemoglobin is never used in the body, the blood is soon saturated with a foreign gas that cannot be easily removed thus depriving oxygen the hemoglobin transporting protein leading to oxygen deprivation that leads to headache, dizziness, fatigue, and chest pain to individuals with heart problems at lower concentration (NMGCO 2010). When the carbon monoxide concentration gets higher than the body under backdrop can handle it leads to poor vision and sensitization of the body cells in the victims leading to nausea, brain malfunction and mind confusion.At extreme concentration, carboxyhemoglobin is formed in the blood thus inhibiting the in take of oxygen in the body thus resulting into death of the victims (Bailey 2010). There are different measures that can be applied in order to reduce carbon monoxide poisoning accidents whose incidents are quite expensive to mitigate. Since the gas is tasteless, odorless and colorless, therefore carbon monoxide detectors can be installed in homes and domestic environments. Usually the accumulation of carbon monoxide can take place without notice in homes that use boiler, gas, kerosene and oil if the equipment is faulty.Regular checks should be organized by home-keepers by inviting qualified and focused technicians who can do professional repairs. Old burners, boilers, generators and CO producing equipment can be done away with in order to prevent unfortunate mistakes (CO 2000). According to US Environmental defense Agency gas stoves can be done away with if the home environment is to be unplowed safe since though the equipment is cheap it pumps 5 to 15 parts per million (ppm) of c arbon monoxide with the deteriorated ones scoring 30 ppm while the U.S. National Ambient Air feeling Standards advocates for outdoor air to contain 9 ppm and indoor a maximum of 35ppm of CO-thus the stove and coal appliances need to be used in open ground (Pollutte 2008). Meticulousness approach to usage of boilers and stoves can be achieved by usage of clear and dry fuel of the highest possible approved standards (Environment 2010). Other measures include having a Gas Safe Registered engineer to install gas appliances with annual checks.Bedroom heating material should avoid usage of gas and cabinet heaters. All homes that rifle CO emitting appliances have to install chimneys and heat ventilations tat have to be checked frequently to clear blockage by cleaning (NHS 2009). In case of an emergence one should cut off the gas supply in the appropriate valve with immediate ventilation and urgent call to a medical installation and a qualified and certified technician to check on the le akage and report appropriately the cause with effective repairs to protect life and environment.Information dissemination to the partnership is quite vital if the health of the society is to be-held as a top priority. Carbon monoxide incidents can be compiled together to arouse the mind of the ignorant public about the ill effects of CO leakage and prove that all homes are at risk since gas and coal heaters are common cooking apparatus. Also the history brings in news about the colossal effects of accumulated amounts of carbon monoxide that affected legendaries as Allan Poe though during that time their generation attributed their deaths to sensitivity of the mind.Therefore if leaflets, magazines and other printed media forms of communication in conjunction with the internet, TV and other digital and analogue mass media the community can be reached and change can be effected bringing about both awareness and a social order that is organized to mitigating risks associated with carbo n monoxide poisoning. Conclusively, carbon monoxide poisoning affects the bodys concentration of oxygen thus attacking the general health of the suffocated body parts.Since the gas is odorless, tasteless, and colorless makes it such a dreadful chemical gas that advertize enhances the fumes ability to sneak in and kill within a relative small span of time in high concentrations while causation detrimental body health deterioration that retards immunity leading to poor health and life. References Haines, S 2010, Corfu carbon monoxide death familys fight for justice, BBC parole Channel, accessed 5 whitethorn 2010 NHS, 2009, What preventative measures can I take against carbon monoxide exposure? Gas safety Carbon monoxide awareness. Health and safety Executive, accessed 5 May 2010 http//www. hse. gov. uk/gas/domestic/co. htm Pollette, C 2008, Why is carbon monoxide poisonous? Science, accessed 5 May Environment, 2010, Using wood and coal for Home heating.Environmental Protection UK , accessed 5 May Robert, R 2009, Is This Common Poison Carbon Monoxide Causing Chronic Illness? Articles Directory http//www. articlesbase. com/alternative-medicine-articles/is-this-common- poison-carbon-monoxide-causing-chronic-illness-1433959. html CO, 2009, A Guide to Prevent Carbon Monoxide inebriation, Carbon Monoxide, accessed 5 May EPA 2010,An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality, Carbon Monoxide (CO), US Environmental protection Agency, Accessed 05 May 2010 NMGCO 2010, Sources of Carbon Monoxide, New Mexico gas company, Accessed 05 May 2010 http//www. nmgco. com/Sources_Carbon_Monoxide. aspx Bailey, R 2010 Carbon monoxide,About. com Accessed 05 May 2010

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

Competition is befitting more and more fierce while the market is becoming globalization. With higher consumer sovereignty, customers argon no longer satisfied with put away products and good services. The society concerned more some the business ethic and environmental issues. Companies ar expected to act virtuously nowadays. The ideas of merged Social tariff and Corporate Citizenship are spreading faster than ever before and become one of the hottest business models in the recent decades. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is be as the commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their families, the local comm building blocky and society at ample to improve their quality of invigoration at the World Business Council for Sustainable Development in 2000. The main idea of CSR is that corporations should be responsible to the stakeholders which include the customers, shareholders, suppliers, employees or any other company that whitethorn be influenced by the integrated actions.Different organizations may put up formed different fond responsible programs which nookie be categorized in four major components the environment, the community, the work place and the market place. Different companies will emphasize on different aspects to create the kindly responsible programs. Particular CSR initiatives may do good, or harm, or make no difference one way or the other, but it is important to resist the winner of the CSR idea. (Briggs & Verma, 2006) Mounting evidences exhibition the benefits brought by the CSR Programs. For example, corporations made huge donation to disasters nationwide and to the bottom billions.However, non both CSR Program can be built up triple-crownly. Nestl had suffered from a ostracise last over 30 years which is the result from its failed CSR Program. Known as the baby killer, Nestl is blamed to kill thousands of Babies in the less developed region. They promoted and dist ributed free ostentation formula milk powder to replace breastfeeding and led to severe health problems or even death to the babies (Sethi, 1979). The two opposite results of CSR programs bring up queries for CSR programs. Is in that location a business cocktail dress for CSR? How can corporations be benefitted from CSR? Theses questions will be discussed in this essay and so as the answers.B. Is there a business case for CSR?Corporations are expected to be good citizens asserted by Briggs and Verma (2006). Customers are demanding more from the corporations. Responsible corporates are required to meet the Triple Bottom Lines which are the economic sustainability, environmental sustainability and social sustainability. Join Elington illustrate the interrelationship of the triple bottom line in 1997, Society depends on the economy and the economy depends on the global ecosystem, whose health represents the ultimate bottom line (Elkington, 1997). CSR programs can overly help the c ompany to achieve sustainable growth which is the ultimate goal for every CSR program. Sustainable development is development to satisfy the needs of present generation without sacrificing the ability of future generations to development (WCED, 1987). Study indicates that sustainable growth and business success cannot be achieved solely by maximising short-term profits, but instead through market-oriented and social responsible programs (Neal, 2006). The CSR programs may engage with the following four aspects the environment, the community, the oeuvre and the market place (World Business Council, 2000).As the foundation of every human being in the earth, responsible to environment is an essential dowery of CSR programs. Learnt from the Industrial conversion when people sacrifice environment for business growth, private organizations today surrender worked to improve the environment. For example, Toyota has developed the hybrid card models which can use both give the sack and el ectricity as power source. It can help to reduce the air pollution and reduce the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This innovation is also being considered as long-term oriented and sustainable for future development so both the customers and investors are satisfied with it. The second aspect of corporate social righteousness is the community. Corporations have to be responsibility to the local community as they are the essential for the business success. Social responsible firms should hire local labour force in the work place. Corporations often make donation after huge disasters such as earthquake or hurricane.For example, companies had donated over US$547 millions after the catastrophe of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 (Briggs & Verma, 2006). Although some criticize that the corporations are qualification disasters into opportunities for public relationship, the donation can certainly help the community to rebuilt their home afterward, The third aspect of corporate social responsi bility is the workplace. Companies are responsible to ensure the safety and ethnic in the workplace. The employees are generating the profit so the companies should be responsible to them by creating harmless and musical harmony working environment. For example, Nike, and other American and European sports wear production companies, promise to monitor the working conditions in its supplier factories in less developed countries (Vogel, 2005, 1).Corporations should also be responsible to the market place. no. just manufacturing quality product but also meeting the needs of various customers. For example, although smart phones are becoming popular in recent years, some people with optic disability may not able to use those products without assistant from other people. By introducing the Voiceover application, customers with visual disability can use the smart phone or other devices created by Apple easily. Besides the positive point of view, there have perpetually been criticisms o f CSR ever since it was invented. In 1970, the Nobel Price winner, Friedman wrote The Social Responsibility of Business is to change magnitude its Profits and the three main arguments he stated in his article have become the foundation for the criticisms against CSR. In his first argument, Friedman claimed that only human beings have a moral responsibility for their actions (Friedman, 1970).As a collected entity, companies do not have the responsibility of the decision made by the forethought. However, corporations act like human in many ways. For examples, in legal terms, corporations are consisted as an insubstantial person whose behavior is decided by the corporate internal decision structure and the organizational culture. Many corporations are acting progressively to create a public perception of good citizenship to gain positive work out and competitive advantages from the society (Brigs and Verma, 2006). In the following article, Friedman pointed out that the government, instead of the private business section, should be responsible to solve the social issues and problems (Friedman, 1970). Later scholars support his argument that with huge amount of tax collected by the government, the responsibility of social support should be transferred to the government and the public sectors.However, in some cases, government may not be able to take the responsibility due to insufficient funds or malfunction of government agent. Geoge Kell, executive head of the coupled Nationss Global Compact Office, indicated that So long as government fail to do their part and so long as business goes global, CSR helps fill an important void (Brigs and Verma, 2006). The last argument of Friedman is that the managers should be responsible for the interest of shareholders (Friedman, 1970). Charring out CSR programs may increase the toll and weaken the companys performance. In which way, the interests of the shareholders are harmed (Henderson, 2001). This argument is proven w rong by the countless successful business cases of CSR programs.C. How can corporations be benefited from the CSR programs?1. CSR can help the corporates to increase the profits. Corporations can be benefited from the CSR programs in many aspects. Since the most important goal for the company is maximise its profit, scholars and managers are working to shape out how CSR programs will influence the companys profitability. Companies generally increase their profitability by two means Cut price and Differentiation (Porter, 1985). An impelling CSR Programs can help the corporations to achieve both points. Cost reduction can be achieved by CSR Programs directly or indirectly. The direct way is to reduce the cost by using the raw material or energy in a more efficient way. For example, by reducing the packaging, companies can cut the unit cost of product and protect the environment by producing less waste at the same time (Welford, 2000).The other way is to reducing the indirect cost s uch as the employee training cost, the management cost. For example, the employee caring programs can lower the employee turnover rate and reducing the hiring and training cost for new employees. By this mean, the employees are more satisfied to the companies and will be less likely to resign and have give performance in the workplace. Google has been paid attention to this issue. The company created the scoop up working environment in the world and create the most satisfied. The CSR program successes in increasing ability to attract and retain employees and reducing operating cost. some other way to increase profitability is differentiation.By using differentiation strategy, the products can be outstanding among the competitors (Welford, 2000). Corporates have been using CSR programs as differentiation points long agone and achieve positive result. Take the Body Shop as an example. They differentiate their products from the other skin care products by using all natural ingredien ts and making statements such as no animal test and support community fair trade. By building such social and environmental responsibility image, the Body Shop successfully build up its brand image and reputation and create the customer loyalty. 2. CSR can enhance brand competitiveness.Todays companies can no longer afford to ignore CSR. More and more corporates build up their own CSR programs to enhance their brand competitiveness by enhancing the image and reputation of the corporates. Firstly, customers nowadays focus more on the image and reputation of the brands. They demand more than quality product and nice services. According to the research conducted by the PR firm Hill & Knowlton, 79% of Americans take corporate citizenship into account when makings purchase decision (Briggs and Verma, 2006). Corporate Social Responsibility Programs can help the corporate to gain the public trust and support which will enhance the brand competitiveness.Customer sovereignty has further supp orted the ideas that with high degree of freedom and information, customers can make their choices among different brands. The brand with better image or reputation will be more likely to win in the industry. Secondly, Corporate Citizenship is demanded by the government. Especially for some sensitive business that companies need to maintain nice relationship with the government. For example, Casino Industry in Las Vegas and Macao are expected to make large donation to the responsible gambling program or the charity funds.By making public donation, the firms may be able to build up better image to reduce the resist in the society and the government. Managers continually encounter demands from multiple stakeholder groups to devote resources to corporate social responsibility (McWilliams & Siegel, 2001). Investors consider more about the social responsibility of the invested firms nowadays. Companies cannot managing their impact on society and the environment if engaging in CSR (Brigs & Verma, 2006)D. ConclusionCorporate Social Responsibility is becoming the trend of social public relationship strategies in the recent decades. In this essay, questions of CSR programs have been discussed in many aspects. With thousands of successful cases of corporate citizenship, companies all working hard to catch up with the trend and develop their own CSR programs. Although there are criticisms about the intention and the necessity of corporate social responsibility programs, the effective of CSR programs is ascertained. Later study shows that successful CSR program can benefit the society and the company at the same time. The corporations can enjoy higher profits and better brand competitiveness by setting up CSR programs. Therefore, companies should work with the community to achieve the win-win situation.BibliographyBriggs, W. & Verma, A. 2006. Sharing the wealth. Communication world. January February 2006. pp. 25-28 Freeman, R.E. 1984 Strategic Management A Stakeholder Ap proach. Marshfield, MA Pitman publish Inc. Friedman, M. 1970 The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits. The New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970 Henderson, D. 2001. The Case Against Corporate Social Responsibility. Policy Vol.17 no.2. pp. 28-32. Winter 2001 Neal, A. C. 2007. Corporate Social Responsibility Governance Gain or Laissez-Faire Figleaf?. HeinOnline. 2007-2008. pp. 460-474 Robison, M. 2002. RSA Wold Leaders Lecture Beyond Good Intentions Corporate Citizenship for a New Century. United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. London, 7 May 2002. Sethi, S. P. 1979. A Conceptual Framework for Environmental Analysis of Social Issues and Evaluation of Business Response Patterns. The Acdemy of Management Review, Vol.4, No. 1, pp. 63-74 Vogle, D. The Market for Virtue the Potential and Limits of Corporate Social Responsibility. 2005. Harrisonburg, Virginia WCED. 1987. Our Common Future, World Commission on Environment and Development. Oxford Oxf ord University Press. Welford, R. 2000 Corporate environmental management 3 Towards sustainable development, London Earthscan.

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